甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征及隔离防护  

Clinical Features and Defensive Insulation of Influenza A(H1N1) Patients

作　　者：洪文昕[1] 张复春[1] 尹炽标[1] 王建[1] 胡凤玉[1] 雷春亮[1] 蔡卫平[1] 许敏[1] 陈燕清[1] 杨湛[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市第八人民医院,广东广州510060

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》2009年第5期497-500,531,共5页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家"985"科技支撑计划--甲型H1N1流感联防联控应急科研项目

摘　　要：【目的】了解新型甲型H1N1流感的流行病学、临床表现、实验室检查等特点及治疗、预后及隔离防护措施。【方法】对我院于2009年5月至6月下旬收治的81例确诊病例的流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析。【结果】患者年龄8～71(22.4±11.98)岁,男44例,女37例。输入性病例32例,本地病例49例。90.2%患者有与确诊患者密切接触史或明确传染他人的证据,呈家庭及群集现象。传播途径以空气飞沫传播和密切接触为主。潜伏期1～7(2.86±1.39)d。大部分病例以咳嗽为首发症状(43.7%),常见症状为发热(92.6%)、咳嗽(85.2%)、咽痛(50.7%)、头痛(34.6%)、全身肌肉痛(28.3%)、鼻塞流涕(46.9%),有腹泻症状者少。外周血白细胞大多正常或降低(92.6%),47.9%的病例嗜酸粒细胞下降,74.1%的病例合并低钾血症。治疗以综合治疗为主,全部病例痊愈出院。未发生院内感染。【结论】新型甲型H1N1流感传染性强,大多数病例病情轻,预后良好,二级防护可有效预防该病的传染。甲型H1N1流感疫情可能从早期输入病例转为本土病例流行。【Objective】 To investigate the characteristics of the novel influenza A （H1N1） from epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and laboratory examination, and to study the treatment, prognosis and protective measure of this influenza. 【Methods】 Retrospective analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological and clinical data of 81 influenza A （H1N1） inpatients in our hospital from May to the end of June in 2009. 【Results】 Those patients were between 8 to 71 （22.4 ± 11.98） years. In the 81 cases, there were 44 males and 37 females, 32 cases of them were imported and 49 cases of them were domestic. 90.2 percent of the patients had history of close contact with infected persons or had well-marked evidence for infecting other people, the manifest of transmission was mainly showed in family and in society. Main routes of transmission were droplet infection by air and close contact, and eclipse period of this novel influenza A （H1N1） was between 1 to 7 （2.86 ± 1.39） days. For most of the patients, first appearance of symptom was cough （43.7%）, and common symptoms included fever （92.6%）, cough （85.2%）, pharyngodynia （50.7%）, headache （34.6%）, muscle ache all over the body （28.3%）, nasal obstruction and nose running （46.9%）. A few patients had alvi profluvium. In the laboratory examination, most of the cases （92.6%） showed normal or low counts of WBC in peripheral blood, 47.9 percent of the patients had lower eosinophils and 74.1 percent of the patients had kaliopenia. Main treatment was combined therapy and all of the patients were cured and discharged, and there were no hospital onset of infection. 【Conclusion】 The novel influenza A （H1N1） had powerful infectiousness, most of cases had mild symptoms and favourable prognosis. Second grade protection could prevent the transmission of this disease efficiently. The novel influenza A （H1N1） had probably turned from imported occurrences in early period to domestic epidemic.

关 键 词：甲型H1N1流感 临床特征 隔离防护 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统]