獐牙菜的胚胎发生(英文)  

Embryogenesis of Swertia bimaculata

作　　者：黄衡宇[1] 龙华[1] 易婷婷[1] 李鹂[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学植物资源保护与利用湖南省高校重点实验室,吉首416000

出　　处：《植物研究》2009年第6期665-673,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China(30360009)

摘　　要：对獐牙菜大孢子发生、雌配子体形成、受精、胚及胚乳发育过程进行了研究。主要结果如下:子房2心皮,1室,4列胚珠,侧膜胎座;薄珠心,单珠被,倒弯生胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成4个大孢子直线形排列,合点端的大孢子具功能,胚囊发育为蓼型。3个反足细胞宿存,每个细胞均多核和异常膨大,反足吸器明显,并在胚乳之外形成染色较深的类似"外胚乳"的结构。珠孔受精,受精作用属于有丝分裂前类型。胚乳发育为核型;胚胎发育为茄型。果实成熟时,种子发育至球形胚阶段。反足细胞在龙胆科一些短命植物中的宿存与分裂具有重要的生殖适应与进化意义。The megasporogenesis, the development of female gametophyte, embryo and endosperm of Swertia bimaculata were studied. The main results can be concluded as follows： The ovary is bicarpellate, unilocular with 4 rows of ovules located at the parietal placentation. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar and ana-campylotropous. The chalazal megaspore in linear tetrad becomes the functional megaspore. The development of embryo sac is of the Polygonum type. Three antipodal cells have multiseriate nuclei and distinct haustorium, and persist like a layer of ＂outer endosperm＂ just out of the endosperm nucleus layer. Fertilization is porogamous and of premitotic syngamy type. The development of endosperm conforms to Nuclear type and the embryogeny corresponds to the Solanad type. The embryo is at the globular stage when seeds are released from the capsule. The dividing and persisting of antipodal cell in some annual Gentianaceous plants is of significance in reproductive adaptation and evolution.

关 键 词：獐牙菜 胚胎发生 龙胆科 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]