淮河上游生态需水量计算分析  

Calculation of ecological water demand in upper reaches of Huaihe River

作　　者：蔡涛[1,2] 李琼芳[1] 王鸿杰 李鹏 薛运宏 白林龙 刘轶[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]河南省信阳水文水资源勘测局,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《河海大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第6期635-639,共5页Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：水利部公益性项目专项经费(200701031);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0717);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B08048);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(B06041)

摘　　要：为分析计算淮河上游河流生态需水量,提出了丰水期、枯水期、平水期保证率分别为45%,75%,50%的淮河上游适宜生态径流计算方法,选用淮河上游干流息县、长台关以及大坡岭3个主要控制站1960-2005年历年天然来水量资料,计算了淮河上游最小生态径流和适宜生态径流,并运用Tennant法进行评价.结果表明,最小生态径流在很大程度上有损于河流生态系统稳定与健康;总体而言,3站适宜生态径流均可以使淮河上游河流生态环境状况达到最佳,但在某些年份各站实测月均流量小于其适宜生态径流量,而且丰水期适宜生态径流破坏率较枯水期的要高.因此,在某些年份为满足淮河上游适宜生态需水要求,还应增加河道内生态用水量.To compute and analyze the ecological water demand in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, a method for determining optimal ecological flows was proposed, with different guaranteed flow rates： 45 % for the wet season, 75 % for the dry season, and 70% for an average season. According to the natural discharge time series data （1960-2005） from Xixian, Changtaiguan, and Dapoling hydrological stations on the trunk stream in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, the minimum ecological flow and the optimal ecological flow were calculated and evaluated using the Tennant method. The results show that the minimum ecological flow does not provide for the stability and health of the river ecosystem.Generally speaking, the optimal ecological flows at the three stations can lead to the optimal river ecosystem in the upper reaches of Huaihe River. However, in some years the observed average monthly flows are less than the optimal ecological flows, and the destruction rate of the optimal ecological flows in the wet season is larger than that in the dry season. This indicates that the ecological water amount in the river should be raised in some years so as to satisfy the requirements of the optimal ecological water demand.

关 键 词：生态需水 最小生态径流 适宜生态径流 淮河上游 

分 类 号：P133[天文地球—天体力学] X143[天文地球—天文学]