垣曲商城出土炉渣炉壁内金属颗粒及矿物组成的初步研究  

A preliminary study of metal particles and mineral phases of copper slag excavated from the Yuanqu City site of the Shang Dynasty

作　　者：梁宏刚 孙淑云[2] 李延祥[2] 佟伟华 

机构地区：[1]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [2]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083 [3]中国国家博物馆考古部,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2009年第4期18-30,共13页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金："十五"国家重点科技攻关计划资助(2001BA8051305)

摘　　要：采用偏光矿相显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析等方法,研究垣曲商城出土炉渣或炉壁样品中主要合金元素Cu、Sn、Pb、As在炉渣中的分布及存在形式,同时分析了炉渣中主要物相的组成。结果表明,样品的主要结晶矿物有铜蓝或铜的硫化物矿物晶体、赤铜矿、孔雀石矿以及含有Co、Ni氧化物的短棒状或粒状结晶相;炉渣或炉壁中铜颗粒则以星散状或较大颗粒分布。Cu、As、Pb主要以合金颗粒的形态存在于炉渣中,而锡则较多以四方柱状或针状氧化物骸晶形态存在于渣中;还有部分Cu、Pb存在于玻璃态渣相中。初步研究结果显示,出土炉渣炉壁的遗址属于冶炼、熔化或铸造工艺过程相关联的冶铸遗址,锡则是以金属锡在熔铜或铸造过程中加入。The metal particles and mineral phases discovered in copper slag from the Shang Dynasty Yuanqu City site give crucial information for the copper melting and casting history of early China. Optical microscope, SEM and SEM - EDS were used to analyze the major components of the slag and samples in the furnace. The distribution and forms of copper,tin, lead and arsenic were elucidated. Crystalline tinoxide （SnO2 ）, covelline and other copper sulfidic minerals, cuprite, malachite, small （ micrometer - sized） copper or copper alloy droplets, and particles of Co or Ni oxides were found in the slag. Cu, Pb and As exist mainly in the form of small droplets in copper alloys of the slag;Sn is mainly in the form of cubic columnar or acicular tin - oxides crystal. Small amounts of Cu and Pb have been identified in the glassy phase. Analysis suggests that the slag and furnace wall are relics of copper smelting, melting and casting. Tin was intentionally added in the process of melting and casting.

关 键 词：垣曲商城 渣中金属 炉渣物相 铜 锡 铅 砷 

分 类 号：K876.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878[历史地理—历史学]