亲铜元素的地球化学行为研究进展及其在岩浆硫化物矿床中的应用  

Advances of Geochemical Behavior of Chalcophile Elements and Applications in Metallogeny of Magmatic Cu—Ni—PGE Sulfide Deposits

作　　者：孙赫[1,2] 唐冬梅[1] 秦克章[1] 范新[1] 肖庆华[1] 苏本勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国冶金地质总局矿产资源研究院,北京100025

出　　处：《地质论评》2009年第6期840-850,共11页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号40772066);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(编号KZCX2-YW-107);《科技导报》“博士生创新研究资助计划”A类项目(编号kjdb20090101-2)的成果

摘　　要：亲铜元素在岩浆演化和硫化物熔离过程中的行为是解释岩浆硫化物矿床形成过程的一个窗口,通过实验研究来探讨亲铜元素的地球化学行为,并用于岩浆硫化物矿床的定量化研究是此类矿床今后的一个发展方向。本文总结了硫和亲铜元素在岩浆演化过程中的行为规律,并阐明了在岩浆硫化物矿床中的应用,在如下五个方面分别做了讨论:①通过实验对玄武质岩浆中S溶解度的研究,总结出引起硫化物饱和的4个控制因素:岩浆混合、温度迅速降低、壳源混染、快速的结晶分异作用;②通过Ni在橄榄石和硅酸盐熔浆中的分配,定量模拟了岩浆演化过程中,橄榄石中的Ni含量随着橄榄石成分(Fo)变化的规律;③总结了Ni—Cu—PGE—Au在液态硫化物和硅酸盐岩浆中的分配系数,总结了控制分配系数的因素,并探讨了"R-因素"对亲铜元素富集的控制机理;④橄榄石被硫化物包围时,与硫化物发生交换反应,通过交换反应系数(KD)可以定量估算硫化物熔浆中Ni的含量;⑤通过实验得出的亲铜元素在单硫化物固溶体(MSS)和液态硫化物之间的分配,总结了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中的分带现象。最后探讨了岩浆硫化物矿床存在的问题和发展方向。Chemical behavior of chalcophile elements in the process of magma evolution and sulfide segregation is a window to demonstrate the formation of sulfide deposits. One direction of development of the study of sulfide deposit is to trace the behavior of chalcophile elements through laboratory results. The present paper summarizes the behavior of sulfur and chalcophile elements in magma evolution, and demonstrates their application in the study of magmatic sulfide deposits. They are discussed from five factors： ① by the study of sulfur solubility in basaltic magma, four factors control the sulfide segregation： magma mixing, rapid temperature decrease, crustal contamination, and rapid crystal fractionationg ② according to the distribution of Ni between olivine and silicate magma, we simulate the correlated change of Ni in olivine to Fo;③ the D values of Ni-Cu and POE between sulfide liquid and silicate melt is are summarized, and the controlling factors to D value and R-factor are discussed also;④ when olivine is surrounded by sulfide liquid, the interaction will happen, and Ni content in sulfide liquid can be estimated ⑤ by the distribution of chalcophile elements between MSS and sulfide liquid, the facts of ore-forming zonations are summarized. At the end, the present problems and direction of development are analyzed and suggested.

关 键 词：亲铜元素 岩浆演化 岩浆硫化物矿床 定量模拟 综述 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]