海洋浮游生态系统中小型浮游动物的生态功能  

Role of Microzooplankton in Marine Planktonic Ecosystem

作　　者：张武昌[1] 张翠霞[1,2] 肖天[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态和环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2009年第11期1195-1201,共7页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"小型浮游动物(microzooplankton)在我国近海浮游生态系统中的作用"(编号:40876085);国家自然科学基金项目"南海北部基础生物生产过程及其对碳循环的调控研究--深化与集成"(编号:90711006);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"我国近海生态系统食物产出的关键过程及其可持续机理"(编号:2006CB400604);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目"我国典型海域生态系统演变过程与机制"(编号:40821004)资助

摘　　要：小型浮游动物在海洋生态系统中的作用,主要指有多少能量通过小型浮游动物传递到桡足类,从而比较沿＂浮游植物→中型浮游动物＂和＂浮游植物＋细菌→小型浮游动物→中型浮游动物＂两条食物链到达中型浮游动物的能流大小。为达到这个目的,需要研究各个能流路径的传递效率,即能量在各个营养级（初级生产——小型浮游动物,细菌生产——小型浮游动物,小型浮游动物的生长率,小型浮游动物——中型浮游动物）的传递效率。综述了国内外对上述营养级传递效率的研究现状,以期为我国的同类研究提供参考。浮游植物初级生产力被小型浮游动物摄食的比例平均为每天60%~75%,大大高于桡足类对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力每天10%。海洋浮游细菌的二次生产力相当于初级生产力的30%。其中80%~180%被小型浮游动物摄食。小型浮游动物的毛生长率为30%~40%,生产力是初级生产力的21%~34%。在西班牙西北部沿海,桡足类每天摄食2%~51%小型浮游动物生产力。因此,桡足类通过微食物网摄食的能量是初级生产力的0.4%~17%,与桡足类摄食初级生产的10%处于同一量级。不考虑碎屑提供的能流,小型浮游动物对桡足类饵料的贡献为20%以上,甚至可高达50%。Microzooplankton is heterotrophic planktons in the size range of 0 - 200 mm. They graze on the phytoplankton primary production and bacteria production. At the same time, they are food items of planktonic eo- pepods. Role of microzooplankton in marine pelagic ecosystem is （ 1 ） the magnitude of energy transferred from mi- erozooplankton to eopepods and （2） the contribution of microzooplankton to the food item （microzooplankton and phytoplankton） of copepods. The energy transfer effieiencies between every trophic level （primary production-mi- crozooplankton, bacterial secondary produetion-microzooplankton, microzooplankton growth efficiency, microzoop- lankton-mesozooplankton） should be studied. This paper reviewed the status of above mentioned energy transfer efficiencies in order to provide references to mierozooplankton studies in China. About 60% -75% of Phyplankton primary production is grazed by mierozooplankton per day. This value is significantly larger than grazing pressure by copepods （ 10% d-1 ）. The secondary production of marine planktonic bacteria equals 30% of primary production. About 80% ~ 180% of the bacteria production was grazed by microzooplankton. The gross growth efficiency （GGE） of microzooplankton is 30% - 40%. Therefore, mierozoopolankton production is 21% - 34% of the prima- ry production. Copepods grazing pressure on microzooplankton production is 2% -51% per day （north coastal Spain）. Thus, energy flow from microbial food web to eopepod should be 0.4% -17% of the primary production, which is in the same level with the contribution of primary production. If the contribution of detritus was not consid- ered, microzooplankton contributed more than 20% （ some times as high as 50% ） of the copepod food ingestion. Marine planktonic food web is a complex system. More studies are needed to elucidate every details of the production and transfer efficiency of every trophic level and, in the case of microzooplankton, of every group.

关 键 词：小型浮游动物 浮游生态系统 海洋 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]