基于天然多糖的共混型可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料研究  

STUDY ON PERFORMANCES OF BLENDING TYPE BIODEGRADABLE POLYURETHANE FOAM BASED ON NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE

作　　者：梁书恩[1] 王建华[1] 赵婷婷[1,2] 田春蓉[1] 贺传兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,绵阳621900 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,绵阳621010

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2009年第11期8-12,共5页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金项目(2008A0302012);中国工程物理研究院双百人才基金项目(ZX030703);四川省学术和技术带头人培养资金项目

摘　　要：以微晶纤维素(MCC)和淀粉(ST)两种天然多糖为填料,制备了共混型硬质和半硬质可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF),利用材料试验机研究了其力学性能,通过土壤掩埋和需氧堆肥化两种手段研究了其降解性能。结果表明,MCC和ST可以以较大比例与聚氨酯进行共混,在硬质PUF(RPUF)中的质量分数可达23.3%,在半硬质PUF(SRPUF)中的质量分数可达20.0%;随着填料用量的增加,RPUF的压缩弹性模量和强度有一定提高,但冲击强度下降较大,SRPUF在保持其断裂伸长率基本不变的同时其拉伸强度有一定提高;随着填料用量的增加或降解时间的延长,PUF的生物降解程度提高;ST填充试样的力学和生物降解性能优于MCC填充试样。Blending type rigid and semi-rigid biodegradable polyurethane foams were prepared using microcrystal cellulose （MCC） and starch （ST） as filler. Mechanical performances of samples were characterized on universal material tester, and degrada- tion properties were investigated by soil burial tests and aerobic compost tests. The results showed that MCC and ST could be blended with polyurethane in a limited ratio. Maximum filling ratios were 23.3% and 20.0% for rigid polyurethane foam and semi-rigid polyu- rethane foam respectively. Compressive modulus and strength of filled rigid polyurethane foam could be improved at certain filling ratio, but impaetive strength decreased obviously with increasing filling ratio. Tensile strength of filled semi-rigid polyurethane foam could be improved, and at the same time, elongation at break did not decrease. With increasing filling ratio of natural polysaeeharide and degradation time, biodegTadation extents of polyurethane foams were improved. Mechanical and degradation performances of polyurethane foams filled with ST were better than that filled with MCC.

关 键 词：可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料 共混 土壤掩埋试验 需氧堆肥试验 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TQ281