中国典型农田土壤磷素演化对长期单施氮肥的响应  

Response of Typical Soil Phosphorus Evolution to Long-term Single Nitrogen Fertilization

作　　者：曲均峰[1,2,3] 李菊梅[1] 徐明岗[1] 戴建军[2] 高静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]东北农业大学资源环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]中海石油化学股份有限公司工程技术中心,海南东方572600

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第11期3933-3939,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2005CB121102;2007CB109302);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09;2006BAD25B07;2006BADO2A14)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨中国典型土壤长期单施氮肥对土壤全磷和Olsen-P磷的影响。【方法】以土壤肥力与肥料长期定位试验为基础,应用常规化学分析法和数学统计方法,分析不同气候、不同耕作制度下15年单施氮肥(每季作物的施氮量为150kg·hm-2)处理对6种典型土壤全磷和Olsen-P含量变化的影响。【结果】在长期单施氮肥条件下,耕作土壤全磷含量和土壤Olsen-P均呈下降趋势,全磷含量下降幅度为2.7%～25.0%。单施氮肥全磷含量下降幅度大于不施肥。Olsen-P含量下降有一定阈值,阈值大约为4mg·kg-1。土壤Olsen-P含量下降率比全磷高几倍。耕层Olsen-P含量(y)与土壤磷素表观平衡(x)相关方程为y=0.0005x+3.9986,相关方程斜率很小,表明Olsen-P含量基本不受磷素表观平衡影响。【结论】长期单施氮肥加速了土壤全磷和Olsen-P的减少速度,其中全磷含量较低的土壤其下降幅度更大。[Objective] The influence of long term single nitrogen fertilization on the total P and Olsen-P of several typical soils in China was studied. [Method] The phosphorus changes of 6 typical soils under different cropping systems and climates were studied based on a 15-year long-term fertilization experiment in China. [ Result] Results showed that total P and Olsen-P of all tested soils decreased, and the range of total P decrease was from 2.7% to 25.0%. The content of the total P with single nitrogen fertilization decreased more than that of non-fertilizer. The Olsen-P decreased to a value of about 4 mg-kg1, and its decreased ratio was a few times higher than that of the total P. [ Conclusion ] Therefore, single nitrogen fertilization accelerated the decrease of the total P and Olsen-P, and the soils with low total P decreased much more.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 单施氮肥 土壤全磷 OLSEN-P 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]