宁夏灌区农业非点源污染负荷估算方法初探  

Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Ningxia Irrigation District and Preliminary Study of Load Estimation Methods

作　　者：杨淑静[1] 张爱平[1] 杨正礼[1] 杨世琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第11期3947-3955,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家财政部"农业立体污染防治科学创新条件建设"项目(2006-2008)

摘　　要：【目的】建立适合中国灌区农业氮、磷流失污染负荷估算方法,以简便有效的方法定量计算灌区农业非点源污染水平。【方法】应用Johnes输出系数法对灌区的农业氮、磷流失进行估算。根据宁夏灌区特点对Johnes模型进行了改进,增加了灌溉因子。【结果】经计算,2006年宁夏灌区总氮量(TN)的灌溉因子为0.9556,总磷量(TP)为0.8776;根据传统Johnes模型计算得到,2006年宁夏灌区TN负荷为20296.29t,TP为1092.02t,而改进模型计算得到的2006年宁夏灌区TN负荷为19395.33t,TP为958.30t。与传统模型计算结果相比,改进模型TN负荷的相对误差减小了5%,TP减小了13%。【结论】改进模型的计算结果比传统Johnes模型更加接近宁夏灌区的实际污染情况,改进模型在灌区具有一定的适用性。[Objective] This study was to establish the load estimation method of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agriculture which was suitable for irrigation district, in order to simply and effectively calculate the agricultural non-point source pollution in irrigation district. [Method] The nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agriculture in Ningxia irrigation district were assessed by Johnes export coefficient method. The traditional Johnes export coefficient method had been improved in accordance with the characteristics of the irrigation area, in which the irrigation factor on the impact of the output was added. [Result] The results showed that TN （total N） factor was 0.9556 and TP （total P） was 0.8776 in Ningxia irrigation district in 2006; according to traditional model, TN rate was 20 296.29 t and TP was 1 092.02 t in 2006, while according to improved model, TN load was 19 395.33 t and TP was 958.30 t in 2006. Compared with the traditional model, the relative error of TN rate of the improved model reduced by 5%, and TP rate reduced by 13%. [Conclusion] It is concluded that the predicted result of the improved model is more approximately in accordance with the actual pollution of irrigation area than the traditional model, that is to say the improved model is applicable to irrigation district.

关 键 词：灌区 农业非点源污染 输出系数法 负荷估算 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]