土壤处理对西洋参根际线虫数量动态的影响及对防治茎线虫根腐病的效果  

Effects of soil treatments on the quantitative dynamics of rhizospheric nematodes and their control efficacy to root rot of American ginseng caused by Ditylenchus destructor

作　　者：张雪松 张国珍[2] 张海旺[2] 彭东文 杜治俭 唐春艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京天惠参业股份有限公司,北京101400 [2]中国农业大学植物病理学系,农业部植物病理学重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2009年第5期555-560,共6页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D0206001040491和D0206002040791)

摘　　要：Root rot of American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium) caused by Ditylenchus destructor is a novel disease found recently in Beijing area.The effects of three soil treatments(fumigating with chloropicrin,chloropicrin+lvfeng organic manure and nematicide fosthiazate) on the number of rhizospheric nematodes,survived plants,root yield and root rot of 3-year ginseng plant were compared.The effects were also investigated at the second year after treatment.The results indicated that the number of parasitic nematodes in rhizosphere of treated soil reached the peak value in late June to early July as the soil temperature raised in the growing season.Compared with the regular treatment,the number of plant parasitic nematodes was reduced while non-plant parasitic nematodes increased.The number of non-plant parasitic nematodes in the soil treated with chloropicrin+lvfeng organic manure was 2 times than that treated with chloropicrin only.The ratio of non-parasitic to parasitic nematodes of three treatments was higher than the control.Percent of survived plants was 94.8%-96.4% and diseased root was decreased obviously.The control efficacy was more than 89% at the first year after treatment.The survived plants and plot yield of ginseng increased significantly and the control efficacy was around 40% at the second year.The best of the three treatments was by chloropicrin+organic manure.Root rot of American ginseng （Panax quinquefolium） caused by Ditylenchus destructor is a novel disease found recently in Beijing area. The effects of three soil treatments （ fumigating with chloropicrin, chloropicrin ＋ lvfeng organic manure and nematicide fosthiazate） on the number of rhizospheric nematodes, survived plants, root yield and root rot of 3-year ginseng plant were compared. The effects were also investigated at the second year after treatment. The results indicated that the number of parasitic nematodes in rhizosphere of treated soil reached the peak value in late June to early July as the soil temperature raised in the growing season. Compared with the regular treatment, the number of plant parasitic nematodes was reduced while non- plant parasitic nematodes increased. The number of non-plant parasitic nematodes in the soil treated with chloropicrin ＋ lvfeng organic manure was 2 times than that treated with chloropicrin only. The ratio of non-parasitic to parasitic nematodes of three treatments was higher than the control. Percent of survived plants was 94.8% - 96.4% and diseased root was decreased obviously. The control efficacy was more than 89% at the first year after treatment. The survived plants and plot yield of ginseng increased significantly and the control efficacy was around 40% at the second year. The best of the three treatments was by chloropicrin ＋ organic manure.

关 键 词：西洋参 数量动态 根际线虫 土壤处理 根腐病 茎线虫 防治 多年生草本 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培] Q959.837[农业科学—作物学]