城际交通流空间流场的甄别方法及实证——以中国铁路客流为例  

Research method of inter-urban traffic flow fields:A case study of railway passenger flow in China

作　　者：王成金[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理研究》2009年第6期1464-1475,共12页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40701045;40635026);中科院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4-1)

摘　　要：交通流是节点间的社会经济联系,具有流场的空间属性,反映了城市间的相互作用。基于流场研究的评述,本文介绍了空间流场的基本概念和理论要点,构筑了其空间识别模型,即因子分析R型和Q型模型,设计了其研究步骤、参数设置和软件操作。基于该模型,以1990和2006年铁路客流为例,对中国交通流的空间流场即集聚场和扩散场进行识别,重点是集散场的数量结构、场核和覆盖范围及变化特征;然后构筑指标体系对集散场的等级结构进行判断,认为中国交通流形成了四个层级的集散场;同时将集散场落到空间以剖析地域结构,发现集聚场和扩散场有明显的省会交流圈和省域限制的空间规律,两者有空间耦合性和空间稳定性,其中上海和广州集散场的地位日益提高。通过铁路客流的空间流场分析,揭示了中国城市间的相互作用,可为未来铁路建设和城镇体系规划提供相关借鉴。Since the traffic flow reflects the socio-economic relationship of cities and also has the spatial attributes of flow fields, its study can reveal the urban interaction to some extent. Based on the review of flow fields, this paper introduces the basic concept and theoretical points, and then designs a spatial recognition model, i.e. factor analysis including R-mode and Q-mode. In this paper, we also introduce the model＇s study process, parameters and the software （SPSS）. Finally, using inter-urban railway passenger flows in 1990 （197 cities） and in 2006 （249 cities）, this paper studies the spatial field of traffic flows, i. e. the centralization field and decentralization field, especially focusing on the number, structure, hub nodes, catchment areas and the evolution from 1990 to 2006. Then, we design some indices to analyze the hierarchical structure of the flow field and find that the traffic flows in China exhibit four levels of centralization and decentralization fields. According to the spatial distribution of traffic flows, centralization and decentralization fields have distinct communicating circles around provincial capitals and stop in the boundaries of provinces. Also, the two types of spatial flow fields are overlapped spatially and developed stably. The traffic flow fields centered in Shanghai and Guangzhou are playing more and more important roles. According to the study of spatial fields through railway passenger flows, this paper discovers the interaction of China＇s urban system and offers some suggestions for railway planning and urban planning.

关 键 词：交通流 因子分析 集聚场 扩散场 地域结构 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F532[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U293.13[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]