棉秆腐解物的化感作用及其主要化学成分分析  

Allelopathy and Chemical Constituents of Decomposing Products from Cotton Stalk

作　　者：李艳宾[1,2] 张琴[1,2] 万传星[1,2] 龚明福[1,2] 张利莉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学生命科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《棉花学报》2009年第6期497-502,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家"973"计划前期研究专项(2007CB116303);新疆生产建设兵团基础研究项目(2007JC06)

摘　　要：将棉秆接种少量根际土,35℃下恒温腐解60h后,用1:1的丙酮、乙酸乙酯混合液浸提(V:W=5:1)5d并浓缩,对所得浸膏进行生物测定,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析其中的化学成分。结果表明,棉秆腐解后对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长产生化感作用,在0.5g.L-1、1.0g.L-1、1.5g.L-1的腐解物浓度下,对棉花种子萌发大体表现出"低促高抑"的化感作用;对棉花幼苗生长影响较大,0.5g.L-1的浓度即有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),表现为根系活力减弱、叶绿素含量降低、幼苗鲜重与苗高降低,抑制强度随腐解物浓度增大而增强,浓度达1.5g.L-1时棉苗死亡。腐解物浓度从低到高,植株体内SOD和POD酶活性呈现先升后降的趋势,高浓度下MDA含量增加。腐解物中含有4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮(27.31%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7.87%)、棕榈酸(6.69%)、双(1-甲基丙基)-琥珀酸甲酯(6.40%)、亚油酸(5.43%)等24种主要成分,其中多种为常见化感物质。Cotton stalks were inoculated with some rhizospheric soil and decomposed under the temperature of 35 ℃. After decomposing 60 hours,the decomposing products were extracted by mixture of acetone and ethyl acetate in 5 days. The extract was concentrated and then subjected to bio-assay and chemical constituents analysis by GC-MS technique. The results indicated that cotton stalk decomposing products showed allelopathy on seed germination and seedling growth. It was observed that under concentration of 0.5 g · L^-1 ,1. 0 g · L^-1 ,1.5 g · L^-1 extract,the seed germination was constrained under higher concentration but promoted under lower concentration. The cotton stalk decomposing products showed significant inhibition on seedling growth（P 〈 0.01）even under the concentration of 0.5 g · L^-1. And weakened root vigor, reduced chlorophyll contents and declined fresh weight and plant height were found when the extract added into hydroponic culture. A lethal effect on tested cotton seedling was observed when the concentration of extract in nutrition solution reached to 1.5 g·L^-1. Activities of SOD and POD were induced at lower concentration but inhibited by higher concentrations of the extract. Higher contents of MDA were also found in higher concentration extract treatments. Total of 24 main constituents were detected in cotton stalk decomposing products by GC-MS analysis,the predominant constituents including 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone （27.31%）, dibutyl phthalate （7.87%）, hexadecanoic acid （6.69%）, hutanedioic acid, methyl-, bis （1-methylpropyl） ester （6.40 %）, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid （Z, Z）-（5.43%）, etc. Several of them have been identified as alle lochemicals which were frequently reported.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 腐解物 化感作用 化学成分 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]