壮侗语与汉语述补结构的对比分析及其类型学特征  

A Contrastive Study of the Predicate-complement Structure in the Kam-Tai Languages and Chinese Language: a Typological Study

作　　者：黎意[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院,广州510006

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第6期107-113,共7页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：壮侗语述补结构的基本特点是:1.存在粘合式和分析式两种述补结构;2.有由名词、象声词充当的补语;3.有方式补语和原因补语;4.表比况的述补结构在汉语的一些方言中有相应的表达式。这些特点显示以下类型学特征:1.述补结构本身与带有多重后附加成分的述语有互相排斥的倾向;2.介词短语作补语是SVO型语言述补结构的主要特征之一;3.数量补语是汉语、壮侗语的共同特征;4.体词性补语的存在验证了量词越发达的语言,它的体词性成分充当补语的能力就越强这一特征;5.汉语、壮侗语在类比句上的差异是由SVO型特征是否典型而形成的。The basic features of the predicate-complement structure of Kam-Tai languages are as follows： 1.There are agglutinating and analytic predicate-complement structures in Kam-Tai languages. 2. There are noun and onomatopoetic word served as complement. 3. There are mode complement and cause complement in Kam-Tai languages. 4. There is predicate-complement structure indicating comparison in the same structure as that of some dialects of the Chinese language. These features show the typological features as follows： 1. The predicate-complement structure and the predicate attached by multi-derivational-suffix tend to be mutually exclusive. 2. One of the principal features for the SVO languages is that the prepositional phrase is used as the complement of the predicate-complement structure. 3. The quantifier complement is one of the common features shared by both Chinese and Kam-Tai languages, d. The existence of the substantive complement confirms that the more developed the classifier does, the larger the number of the substantive complement in the languageis. 5. The difference between Chinese and Kam-Tai languages in comparative sentence depends on whether or not the language is a typical SVO one.

关 键 词：壮侗语 汉语 述补结构 

分 类 号：H218[语言文字—少数民族语言]