基于“3S”技术与地面调查相结合的草原监测——以青海省黄南和海南地区为例  

Grassland monitoring based on the "3S" technology combined ground surveys——a case of Huangnan and Hainan regions in Qinghai Province

作　　者：谭忠厚[1] 马轩龙[1] 陈全功[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第11期25-31,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金："863"计划数字农业技术课题(2006AA10Z241)

摘　　要：以青海省黄南地区和海南地区为例,详细论述了"3S"技术与地面调查相结合的草原监测技术路线流程;用2007年产草量观测资料,经GPS定位,与MODIS植被指数建立地上生物量反演模型,同时,利用粮食、青稞等农作物产量与林地面积资料,估算了农林副产品载畜量,分析了黄南地区和海南地区总体牲畜承载力及超载情况。结果表明:黄南地区和海南地区的总体载畜量分别为302.82万和386.25万个羊单位,超载率分别为67.48%和125.65%,两地区平均超载率为96.57%,说明这2个地区应适当降低牲畜数量或加大补饲力度,以减轻对当地草原生态的压力。提出最大超载率和平均超载率的概念,把两者结合起来,以便综合地反映研究区放牧超载情况。建议构建和开发基于Web-GIS的草原监测网站,以期为《草原法》的执行提供依据,促进我国草原生态建设和草原恢复的发展。The technological Ways and process of grassland monitoring with the ＂3S＂ technology combined ground surveys was intensitively analyzed in this paper based on a example in the grassland of Huangnan and Hainan in Qinghai Province. The ground biomass inversion model between observational data and MODIS-Vegetation-Index was established with GPS positioning and grass yield in 2007. After the establishment of the livestock carrying capacity of the by-products from factory and forestry using the information of crop production of wheat, barley, the forest land area etc, the total livestock carrying capacity and the overloading in the both regions was analyzed. The results showed that the overall carrying capacities were 3 028 200 and 3 862 ,500 sheep units, which overloading rates were as high as 67. 48% and 125. 65%, respectively, and the average overloading rates of the both were 96. 57%. These indicate that the number of livestock should be reduce, or feeding intensity should be increase in the two areas to reduce the pressure on the local ecological carrying capacity. Furthermore, an opening and interactive website, Grassland Monitoring Website （GMW）, should be produced.It is helpful to concern the concepl of Greatest Rate of Overloading, and Average Rate of Overloading, to balance the both, and to implement to Grassland Law. It is also necessary to the sustainable development of grass industry, China＇s grassland eco-construction and restoration of grassland.

关 键 词：“3S”与地面调查 草原监测 理论载畜量 关键场 放牧超载 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]