水氮交互效应对杂交水稻结实期生理性状及产量的影响  

Effects of water-nitrogen interaction on some physiological characteristics and grain yield in hybrid rice during grain filling

作　　者：孙永健[1] 孙园园[1] 刘凯[1] 张荣萍[1] 马均[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2009年第6期645-654,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2006BAD02A05);四川省育种攻关专项资助项目(2006yzgg-28)

摘　　要：以超高产杂交稻冈优527为材料,通过淹水灌溉、湿润灌溉(前期)+浅水灌溉(孕穗期)+干湿交替灌溉(抽穗至成熟期)"(W2处理)和旱种3种灌水处理及不同的施氮量,研究水氮互作对结实期水稻剑叶光合特性、氮代谢关键酶及根系活力等生理性状和产量的影响,并探讨各生理指标间的相互关系.结果表明:W2处理和施氮量为180kg·hm-2的水氮运筹相对于其他处理,能更大地发挥水氮交互效应优势,使剑叶中内肽酶(EP)活性增幅减慢,具有较高的光合速率,有利于维持硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)3种氮代谢酶活性及根系活力的提高,促进产量的增加.施氮量达270kg·hm-2时各水氮处理交互效应优势减弱,不仅影响水稻生长发育及有关生理过程的作用,还会导致剑叶光合作用和氮代谢酶活性快速降低、蛋白质分解加速,造成产量下降.水稻在旱作处理下,施氮量可适当减少,以180kg·hm-2为宜,既可缓解水氮互作的负效应,又能发挥水分、氮肥效应,可供生产中水资源不足的情况下参考.此外,水氮互作下各生理指标间有显著的相关性,剑叶光合特性和NR、GS、GOGAT3种氮代谢酶间呈极显著正相关,与EP呈极显著负相关,且地下与地上部也密切相关,根系活力与剑叶光合特性及NR、GS、GOGAT3种氮代谢酶间均呈极显著正相关,与EP呈极显著负相关.Super hybrid rice Gangyou 527 was used to investigate the effects of three irrigation regimes （submerged irrigation, dry cultivation, the treatment W2 that damp irrigation before hooting stage, shallow irrigation at booting stage, wetting-drying alternation irrigation from heading stage to mature stage） and different amounts of N application on photosynthetic rate （Pn）, activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, glutamine synthetase （GS）, glutamate synthase （GOGAT）, endopeptidase （EP） in flag leaves, bleeding intensity （BIS） in basal internodes and grain yield during grain filling, and studied correlations among the photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and root vigor at this stage. The results show that, compared with other treatments, W2 and suitable nitrogen application amount （180 kg·hm^-2） delayed increasing extent of EP, had high Pn, maintained nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and promoted yield. Applying nitrogen 270 kg·hm^-2 resulted in negative effect of water-nitrogen interaction, which could not maintain the natural physiological metabolism, furthermore, reduced photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, accelerated protein decomposition in flag leaves and decreased yield significantly. However, the treatment of dry cultivation with the proper decrement of N application amount at 180 kg·hm^-2 could ease the negative effeet of water-nitrogen interaction, which had practical implications for regions with water resource shortage. In addition, there were remarkable correlations among the photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and root vigor, whose Pn, NR, GS and GOGAT had highly significantly positive correlation, and they had highly significantly negative correlation with EP activity; root vigor had highly significantly positive correlation with Pn, NR, GS and GOGAT, and it had highly significantly negative correlation with EP activity.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 水氮互作 生理性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] Q945[生物学—植物学]