长期施钾对玉米连作土壤-作物系统钾素特征的影响  

Effect of Long-term Application of K Fertilizer on Potassium Character of Soil-crop System under Continuous Maize Cultivation

作　　者：谭德水[1] 金继运[2] 黄绍文[2] 刘兆辉[1] 江丽华[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,济南250100 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤通报》2009年第6期1376-1380,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目;国家科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B07)

摘　　要：通过在东北三省代表型土壤上连续13年的长期钾肥定位试验,研究施钾对大田玉米和耕层土壤钾素系统特征的影响。结果表明:施钾可明显增加玉米植株各部分含钾量,对秸秆钾含量的提高尤其明显。施用钾肥可显著提高玉米籽粒产量,施钾量增加籽粒产量没有进一步提高从而使钾肥效益降低。各定位点NP和NPK1处理的土壤钾素显现出一定的表观亏缺,年均亏缺量在4.7～135.5kgK2Ohm-2,NPK2处理则表观盈余。施钾可提高土壤速效钾含量,施钾量增加速效钾含量升高,相比NP处理施钾总体增加了土壤缓效钾和全钾的含量;施钾增加速效钾和缓效钾在全钾中的比例,降低矿物钾的比例。与1993年定位时相比:NP处理速效钾含量下降,其余施钾处理含量表现上升;各处理缓效钾含量略有增加;全钾含量则有不同幅度的下降,东北三省的土壤表现一致。可考虑玉米秸秆还田来缓解农田土壤钾素的逐年下降。Based on long-term application of K fertilizer on selected soils of three provinces in northeastern China for continuous 13 years, effect of K fertilizer on status of field maize and soil potassium system in the plough layer were studied. Results showed that K fertilizer could increase potassium content of different organs in plant distinctly, especially in straw. Application of K fertilizer could increase yield of grain but yield didn＇t increase with K fertilizer quantity＇s increasing and then K fertilizer＇s efficiency decreased. Soil potassium appeared apparent wane in the treatment of NP and NPK1, and potassium deficit rate ranged from 4.7 to 135.5 kg K2O hm^2 annually, however there was a surplus in NPK2 treatment. Application of K fertilizer could increase content of available potassium and its content increased with K fertilizer quantity＇s increasing, K fertilizer application increased content of slowly available K and total K collectively compared to NP. Application of K fertilizer improved proportion of available K and slowly available K and reduced proportion of mineral K. Compared to 1993, content of available K in treatment of NP decreased, however others showed a rise, and content of slowly available K in each treatment increased a little, but content of total K decreased. It behaved consistent in three sites. In order to postpone soil potassium＇s decline, the application of maize straw＇s returning should be considered.

关 键 词：长期施钾 玉米 土壤-作物系统 钾素 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学] S513.06[农业科学—农业基础科学]