昆明越冬红嘴鸥适应人工喂食的野性丧失与管理  

THE WILDNESS LOSS OF WINTERING BLACK-HEADED GULL CASED BY HUMAN FEEDING AND URBAN WILD BIRD MANAGEMENT IN KUNMING

作　　者：吴兆录[1,2,3] 赵雪冰[2,3] 王紫江[2,3] 杨明 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南昆明650223 [2]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,云南昆明650091 [3]昆明鸟类协会,云南昆明650234

出　　处：《云南地理环境研究》2009年第5期1-5,共5页Yunnan Geographic Environment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870431)资助

摘　　要：城市野鸟带给人类美丽和生机,也带来疾病。1985年以来,超过30 000只红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)年年集中到昆明越冬,形成了人鸥和谐的壮丽景观。但是,面对日趋增多的禽流感案例,需要重新考虑人鸟共融的风险。区域性湿地退化、红嘴鸥群集觅食特性和人工喂食控制的综合作用是红嘴鸥聚居滇池地区的主要原因。红嘴鸥对人工喂食的适应和依赖,导致部分野性丧失,或尾随密集人群而转移觅食地,或不再返回繁殖地而变为"留鸟"。提出通过食物招引促成红嘴鸥在不同生境觅食,以维持红嘴鸥正常越冬又有效避免其向人类传播疾病的城市野鸟控制新途径。Urban birds do not bring human beings beauty and vitality but also diseases. More than 30000 of Black-headed gull （Larus ridlbundus） winter in Kunming annually since 1985, forming a nice landscape of Human-bird-harmony. Facing the increasing cases of bird flu, however, it is needed to rethink the risk of human bird contact. Based on the long-term surveys and literature analysis, it was discussed in this paper that the main factors for the numerous wintering Black-headed gulls in Kunming were the synthetic effects of regional wetland degradation, collective forage behave of the gulls and human feeding. Adapting to and relying on human feeding, the gulls have lost part of their wildness. They tended to foraging in wetlands with more human feeding, or no longer went back to their breeding regions in summer. A new methodology for urban wild bird management, steering the gulls to controlled sites by human feeding, was discussed in order to maintain the gulls wintering as usually and keep effectively the gulls away from humans when bird flu happened.

关 键 词：红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus) 城市鸟类 觅食地 野鸟管理 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]