假设句句法操作形式的跨语言比较  

A Cross-language Comparison of the Syntactic Operation of Hypothetical Sentences

作　　者：董秀英[1] 徐杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院/语言科学与语言规划研究所,475001 [2]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,430079

出　　处：《汉语学报》2009年第4期64-74,共11页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:06BYY045)的支持

摘　　要：本文试图运用句法操作的一般理论来研究假设句的句法操作问题,并运用语言类型学理论来解释假设标记添加位置差异的原因。文章的主体包括两大部分:(1)以34种语言和43个汉语方言的假设句为考察对象,根据句法操作手段和操作位置的不同,把假设句的句法操作分为四类,即句首添加、谓头添加、句尾添加和谓头移位。(2)通过考察34种语言和43个汉语方言的189个假设标记添加位置跟不同语言小句语序的关联,发现假设标记位置的前后差异与不同语言的小句语序类型是和谐的,VO型语言倾向于使用前置标记,OV型语言倾向于使用后置标记。并且这种语序和谐特征在汉语方言中也有不同程度的反映。This paper uses the general theories of syntactic operations to research the syntactic operations of hypothetical sentences,and employs the theories of linguistic typology to interpret the differences in the positions of hypothetical markers.The paper is divided into two parts.The first part investigates hypothetical sentences in 34 languages and 43 Chinese dialects,and classifies the syntactic operations of hypothetical sentences into four types according to different syntactic devices and syntactic positions:1) sentence-initial adjoining; 2) pre-predicate adjoining;3) sentence-final adjoining;and 4) pre-predicate movement.The second part examines the relations between the positions of hypothetical markers and word order.It is found that the positions of hypothetical markers are in harmony with the basic word order:VO-language tends to use pre-markers,while OV-language post-markers. Chinese dialects display the harmony in diffevent degrees.

关 键 词：句法操作手段 句法操作位置 跨语言比较 语序和谐 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]