政党法律地位比较与思考  

Comparing and Analyzing the Law-Status of Political Parties

作　　者：刘红凛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共上海市委党校政党研究所

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2009年第6期112-119,共8页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"政党关系和谐与中国特色政党制度建设"(07BDJ022)

摘　　要：政党地位在政治实践中形成,反映了"政党—国家—社会"之间的关系。第二次世界大战以来,通过法律来规范政党地位成为不同国家的基本做法;但各国政党理念不同,对政党地位的法律规定也有所不同。按照法律意义上的"合法与非法"、"支持与排斥"标准,战后有关国家的政党法律地位可概括为积极承认一般性政党、禁止所有或特定政党、规定特定政党的优势地位、限制分裂性小党与排斥小党四种情况。比较而言,英、美、俄、德四国法律对政党的规定依次呈现出消极、较消极、较积极、积极四种态势。从本质上看,政党的政治合法性相较"合法律性"而言具有根本性。The status of parties is established in the political practices of parties, reflecting the relationships among party--country--society. After the World War II, regulating the status of parties by laws is the common practice of different countries. But different countries have different ideas about parties, so the laws on parties are different in detail and form. In accordance to the legal standard of ＂legal and illegal＂, ＂support and exclusion＂, the legal status of parties can be summed up as four cases such as positive recognition of general parties, prohibition all or particular party and confirming the advantage status of a particular party, restrictions or exclusion of small party. Comparing the legal status of parties in Great Britain, the United States, Russia, and Germany, it can be summed up as four cases such as negative, more negative, more positive and the most positive. Fundamentally speaking, the political validity of party politics is more fundamental than the legitimacy.

关 键 词：政党政治 政党地位 政党法律地位 政治合法性 合法律性 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]