难以弥合的裂痕--苏联对中印冲突的立场及中苏分歧公开化(1959-1960)  

A Crack Hard to Be Closed:the Soviet Stand Toward the Sino-Indian Border Clashes and Open Divergences in Sino-Soviet Relations

作　　者：沈志华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心 [2]俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第6期5-27,共23页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“冷战与中苏同盟研究”(05BSS005);上海重点学科建设资助项目(B406)

摘　　要：从1958年开始,中苏之间在对内、对外政策方面逐渐产生了分歧。与此同时,中国与印度在国际领域的友好合作也遇到了麻烦。1959年初,中印纠葛因西藏问题引起,苏联支持中国的西藏政策,但回避了对印度的指责。中印边界冲突发生后,莫斯科采取了中立态度,引起中国的强烈不满。赫鲁晓夫访美后来到北京,试图说服中共放弃激进政策,融入缓和进程。毛泽东对苏美亲近早有怀疑,力劝赫鲁晓夫改弦更张。中苏领导人之间发生激烈争吵,会谈不欢而散。尽管事后中苏都意识到彼此团结友好的重要性,但1959年10月中印边界冲突升级进一步刺激了赫鲁晓夫,而毛泽东则不能再容忍苏联对美国软弱和妥协的政策。中苏矛盾表现在中印冲突问题上,其实质却是对苏联与美国接近及缓和政策有不同认识和立场。于是,中苏几乎同时做出决定,公开发表各自对于革命、战争、和平等一系列基本理论问题的看法,中苏分歧由此公开化。Divergences started to emerge in the domestic and foreign policies of China and the Soviet Union since 1958. At the same time,friendly collaborations in international affairs between China and India ran into trouble. The Sino-India entanglement in early 1959 was caused by the Tibetan issue. The Soviet Union supported China's Tibetan policy,but avoided accusing India. At Beijing summit in October,the leaders of China and the Soviet Union were locked into heated quarrelling. Although both China and the Soviet Union made efforts to maintain their unity,the escalation of Sino-India border clashes further irritated Khrushchev. Meanwhile,MAO could no longer tolerate Soviet weak and compromising policy toward the United States. Although the Sino-Soviet contradiction first emerged over Sino-Indian border issue,in essence,they differed in understanding and assessing Soviet-American entente and reconciliation. Thus,China and the Soviet Union almost simultaneously decided to publicize their views on a series of issues such as war,revolution and peace. The Sino-Soviet divergence was brought into open.

关 键 词：中印边界冲突 中苏关系 美苏缓和 

分 类 号：D829[政治法律—政治学]