贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度上土壤-植物系统磷相关性的研究  

Research on the Relationship between Phosphorus in Soil and Plant Syetem at Different Altitudes on the Western Slope of Helan Mountains

作　　者：王斌[1] 周志宇[2] 张冈 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省嘉峪关市环保局,甘肃嘉峪关735100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第35期17630-17634,17674,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2000048705);国家自然科学基金西部环境研究资助项目计划(90102011);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新工程资助项目(210097)

摘　　要：以阿拉善左旗境内贺兰山中段(西坡)及其山前地带主要草地类型为研究对象,于2004年7～8月沿贺兰山中段西坡以海拔高度、草地类型、土壤类型和草地利用方式等因素为指标分别在亚高山草甸、荒漠化草原和草原化荒漠上设置了5个调查样地,在各样地上对土壤全磷、速效磷、植被空间变异特征、植物含磷量以及土壤的理化性质等进行了系统的野外植物营养学试验和室内分析研究。结果得出:在海拔1 370～2 940 m,土壤全鳞、速效磷含量随海拔高度的降低而降低。回归分析显示,土壤速效磷与土壤含水量、全磷、全氮、有机质、群落中植物密度、地上生物量、盖度之间呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重、pH值呈极显著负相关。研究区植物群落的组成具有明显地带性垂直分布的规律,随着海拔的降低,各样地植被的物种组成和优势种均有较大的差异,其中,Ⅰ样地优势种为矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼;Ⅱ样地为沙生针茅和冷蒿;Ⅲ样地为沙生针茅、糙隐子草和珍珠柴;Ⅳ样地为小画眉草、狗尾草和霸王;Ⅴ样地为黄蒿和小叶锦鸡儿。With major types of grassland along the middle range of Halan mountain in Alex as the study objects, the indices of altitude, grassland types, soil types and grassland use types on western slope of Helan mountains from July to August of 2004 were used and 5 sample plots were set on the subalpine meadow, desertification steppe and steppe desert. The filed plant nutrition test and indoor analysis were made on the total phosphorus in soil, available phosphorus, the spatial variation characteristics of vegetation, phosphorus content in plants and the physicoehemieal properties of soil on each sample plot. The results indicated that the mean values of total phosphorus in soil and available phosphorus in soil decreased with decreasing elevation at the altitudes of 1 370 - 2 940 m. Regression analyses indicated that available phos-phorus content in soil had a strong positive relationship with soil water content, total phosphorus in soil, total nitrogen in soil, organic matter in soil, plant population density, plant aboveground biomass, plant cover. Meanwhile, it was negatively correlated with soil density and soil pH. The vertical zoqation of vegetation is strongly developed along the middle range of Helan mountain in Alex, Inner Mongolia. With decreasing elevation, the vegetation compositions and dominant species had changed evidently in study region. Kobresia humilis and Polygonum viviparnm were dominant species in plot I at 2 940 m. Stipa glareosa and Artemisiafrigide were the dominant species in plot II at 2100 m. Stipa glareosa, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Salsola passerine were the dominant species in plot III at 1 700 m ; Eragrostis poaeoides, Setaria viridis and ZygophyUum xanthoxylum were the dominant species in plot IV （exelution） at 1 370 m. Artemisia scoparia and Caragana microphylla were the dominant species in plot V （grazing） at 1 370 m.

关 键 词：贺兰山 全磷 速效磷 植物群落 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]