珠三角地区四季草坪杂草群落组成及其生态位  

Turf weeds community composition and niches in Pearl River Delta Region in four seasons

作　　者：岳茂峰[1] 冯莉[1] 杨彩宏[1] 田兴山[1] 辛国荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农科院植物保护研究所,广州510640 [2]中山大学生命科学院,广州510275

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第12期2483-2488,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2006B20301056);天河区科技计划项目(079G051);广东省植保新技术重点实验室资助项目(植-2007-1)

摘　　要：利用倒置"W"九点取样法,对珠三角地区5个城市32个草坪样点进行了季节动态调查。结果表明:春季草坪杂草群落结构以水蜈蚣(Kyllinga brevifolia)+三点金(Desmo-dium triflorum)+狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)+积雪草(Asiatic pennywort)为主;夏季以水蜈蚣+三点金+香附子(Cyperus rotundus)+伞房花耳草(Hedyotis corymbosa)为主;秋季以水蜈蚣+三点金+伞房花耳草+狗牙根为主;冬季以积雪草+水蜈蚣+天胡荽(Hydrocotylesibthorpoioides)+三点金为主。运用改进的Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数对四季优势杂草生态位进行分析,结果表明,大部分杂草生态位宽度在0.5以下,生态位宽度达到0.50的有水蜈蚣(四季均最高),三点金(秋季)、狗牙根(春季)、酢浆草(Oxalispes-caprae)(春季)。春季优势杂草的生态位重叠指数达到0.60的最多,冬季则最少。生态位重叠指数的最大值出现在夏季,分别是天胡荽和母草(Lindernia crustacea)、白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa)和瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum vulgatum)之间,可达0.85。By using inverted ＇W＇ sampling method,a field survey was conducted to study the seasonal dynamics of weed community in 32 plots of 5 cities in Pearl River Delta Region.The weed community was mainly consisted of Kyllinga brevifolia ＋ Desmodium triflorum ＋ Cynodon dactylon ＋ Asiatic pennywort in spring,K.brevifolia ＋ D.triflorum ＋ Cyperus rotundus ＋ Hedyotis corymbosa in summer,K.brevifolia ＋ D.triflorum＋ H.corymbosa ＋ C.dactylon in autumn,and A.Pennywort ＋ K.brevifolia ＋ Hydrocotyle sibthorpoioides ＋ D.triflorum in winter.The analysis of the weed niches in different seasons based on improved Levins niche breadth index and Pianka niche overlap index showed that most weeds had a niche breadth of 0.5,and the weeds having a niche breadth of 0.5 included K.brevifolia（in four seasons）,D.triflorum（in autumn）,C.dactylon（in spring）,and Oxalis pes-caprae（in spring）.For the dominant weeds,their niche overlap indices 0.60 were appeared most in spring and least in winter,and the maximum was appeared in summer,being 0.85 between H.sibthorpoioides and Lindernia crustacean,and Hedyotis diffusa and Ophioglossum vulgatum.

关 键 词：珠三角 草坪杂草 生态位 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]