太平洋—印度洋暖池次表层水温与南海夏季风爆发  

The Indo-Pacific Ocean warm pool and the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

作　　者：吴迪生[1] 周水华[1] 张娟[1] 俞胜宾[1] 冯伟忠[1] 张文静[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海洋预报中心,广州510300

出　　处：《海洋预报》2009年第4期1-10,共10页Marine Forecasts

基　　金：2007年度海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(200706022);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(SOED0706);广东省自然科学基金项目(04102749)

摘　　要：为探索太平洋—印度洋热带海域次表层水温对南海季风的影响,用Argo剖面浮标等实测资料,分析了太平洋—印度洋暖池次表层水温异常对南海夏季风爆发的影响。结果表明:冬季,太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖(冷)时,翌年南海夏季风爆发时间偏早(晚)是主要现象。太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖,可能引起Walker环流加强,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,中心位置偏北偏东,南海和西太平洋上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流出现,有利于低空西到西南气流的加强,导致南海夏季风爆发偏早;太—印暖池次表层水温偏冷,可能引起Walker环流东移并减弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,中心位置偏南偏西,南海和西太平洋上空对流层下层有反旋性距平环流出现,不利于低空西到西南气流的加强,导致南海夏季风爆发偏晚。结论:冬季,太—印暖池次表层水温偏暖(冷),翌年南海夏季风爆发时间偏早(晚)是主要现象。In order to explore the impacts of Indo-Pacific Ocean subsurface water temperature on the monsoon over South China Sea, measurements such as Argo profile buoys are used to analyses the impacts of Subsurface Ocean Temperature Anomaly （SOTA） in the Indo-Pacific Ocean Warm Pool on the South China Sea Summer Monsoon. The results show that earlier （or later） onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon is the main phenomenon in year when SOTA of the Indo-Pacific Ocean Warm Pool is warmer （or colder） in January. The mechanisms are as follows. If in January SOTA of the Indo-Pacific Ocean Warm Pool is warmer, the Walker Circulations may be enhanced. In May the Western Pacific Subtropical High is weaker, its central position shift northwards and eastwards, and a cyclonic anomaly circulation appears in the lower troposphere over the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean, which is helpful for the strengthen of west to southwest lair stream in the lower atmosphere and induces the earlier onset of South China Sea Summer Monsoon. On the contrary, if in January SOTA of the Indo-Pacific Ocean Warm Pool is colder, Walker Circulations may be weakened and Walker Circulation may also move eastwards.Then in May the Western Pacific Subtropical High is stronger, its central position shift southwards and westwards, and an anticyclonic anomaly circulation appears in the lower troposphere over the South China Sea and Western Pacific Ocean, which is detrimental for the strengthen of west to southwest lair stream in the lower atmosphere and induces the later onset of South China Sea Summer Monsoon. The conclusion of this work is： onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon becomes earlier （or later） in year when SOTA of the Indo-Pacific Ocean Warm Pool is warmer （or colder） in January.

关 键 词：太平洋 印度洋 海温异常 南海季风 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]