大型钛合金结构件激光直接制造的进展与挑战(邀请论文)  

Progress and Challenges of Laser Direct Manufacturing of Large Titanium Structural Components(Invited Paper)

作　　者：王华明[1] 张述泉[1] 王向明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学大型整体金属构件激光直接制造教育部工程研究中心,北京100191 [2]中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所,辽宁沈阳110037

出　　处：《中国激光》2009年第12期3204-3209,共6页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家863计划(2007AA041904);国家973计划(2006CB605206,2010CB731705);国家杰出青年基金(50625413);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT0805)资助项目

摘　　要：简要介绍大型钛合金结构件激光直接制造的技术特点及其在航空航天等工业装备中的应用前景,重点报道大型钛合金结构件激光直接成形制造工艺、内部质量控制和应用研究进展。深入评述大型钛合金结构件激光直接成形制造技术发展面临的问题及其热物理、熔池非平衡冶金动力学、内部组织快速凝固和内部缺陷控制的复杂性。指出零件"变形和开裂"预防和"内部质量"控制是目前制约该技术发展和应用的关键"瓶颈难题",只有加强对零件"内应力演化规律与变形开裂行为"及"凝固组织形成规律及内部缺陷形成机理"等基础问题的研究和认识,才能有效解决上述瓶颈难题。The technological and economic advantages of laser direct manufacturing of large titanium structural components in comparison to the traditional forging process are briefly summarized and their industrial application potentials in the aerospace industries are prospected. State of the art on processing optimization,microstructure and mechanical properties control,equipment development and engineering applications in aerospace industries are reported. The technological challenges facing the further development of the technology is reviewed. Physical and metallurgical complexities of laser direct manufacturing of large titanium structural components are analyzed with a special emphasis on the thermal physics of the deposition process,extraordinary metallurgical kinetics of the laser induced high-temperature melt pool,the forming mechanisms of the unique non-equilibrium rapidly solidified structures and various inherent internal defects. It is pointed out that efficient prevention of “component distortion and cracking” as well as control of “internal structure and defects” are currently the two “bottle-neck” obstacles challenging the further development and industrial applications of the revolutionary advanced manufacturing technology. Intensive basic research and more fundamental understanding on the non-steady state evolution and interaction behaviors of internal stresses and the forming mechanisms of rapid solidification microstructures and internal defects are needed in order to effectively overcome the above “bottle-neck” problems.

关 键 词：激光技术 激光直接制造 钛合金 金属结构件 航空航天 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]