车身覆盖件的三维激光切割工艺  

Three-Dimensional Laser Cutting Technology in Auto-Body Panel

作　　者：梅丽芳[1] 陈根余[1] 刘旭飞[1] 赵智[1] 黄丰杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中国激光》2009年第12期3308-3312,共5页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家863计划(2007AA042006)资助项目

摘　　要：针对采用CO2激光和三维(3D)激光切割机切割镀锌钢车身覆盖件时,上、下坡和转角处易发生碰撞和过烧等问题,提出相应改进措施。通过添加工艺点,调整切割头方向,使其偏离法线方向一个角度可以消除碰撞。实验发现,为获得切缝质量好、切割精度高及热影响层小的3D切割工件,应尽可能使切割头位姿改变时光束入射角小于20°。通过降低激光功率、采用脉冲激光并减小占空比或采用空气作为辅助气体等能有效避免上、下坡和转角处切割时产生过烧。同时,从切缝宽度、切割面粗糙度、切割面波纹及热影响层宽度等方面对3D切割工件质量进行了评定。When the galvanized auto-body panel steel sheets were cut by CO2 laser and the three-dimensional （3D） laser cutting machine,problems such as collision and burn-off are easily generated in the uphill,downhill and corner. So the corresponding improvement measurements are proposed in this paper. Experimental results indicate that to obtain 3D cutting workpiece with good cutting quality,high cutting precision and small hot effect width,the incident angle changed along with the pose of cutting head should be limited less than 20°. The collision can be eliminated by increasing craft spot,adjusting cutting direction and changing incident angle. Burn-off in uphill,downhill and corner can be effectively avoided by decreasing laser power,and opting pulse laser and reducing its duty ratio and using the air to take as auxiliary gas and so on. At the same time,the cutting quality is evaluated from the kerf width,cutting surface roughness,cutting surface ripple and hot affected width.

关 键 词：激光技术 三维激光切割 车身覆盖件 过烧 激光工艺参数 切割质量 

分 类 号：TG485[金属学及工艺—焊接]