日粮精粗比对荷斯坦青年公牛生长和肉质的影响  

Effect of different levels of concentrate to forage ration on growth and meat quality of Holstein Young-Bull

作　　者：梁大勇[1] 昝林森[1,2] 张双奇[1] 桂林生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家肉牛改良中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第12期63-67,72,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04A11);农业部公益性行业专项(nyhyzx07-035);西北农林科技大学拔尖人才支持计划项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同日粮精粗比对荷斯坦青年公牛生长和肉质的影响,为荷斯坦公牛育肥肉用提供理论依据。【方法】选择9头6月龄体质量相近的荷斯坦公牛,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组,分别饲喂m(精料)∶m(粗料)为4∶6,5∶5和6∶4的日粮,粗料为苜蓿干草+玉米青贮,试验期3个月。试验结束时试验牛只全部屠宰,每头奶公牛取新鲜背最长肌2 kg分装于冰盒带回,置于洁净保鲜袋中密封冷冻保存。对肉样肉质性状、水分、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和脂肪酸含量进行测定。【结果】(1)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组牛的9月龄体质量分别提高了13.40和17.00 kg,总增体质量分别提高了7.20和11.00 kg,平均日增体质量分别提高了0.07和0.10 kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。(2)Ⅲ组比Ⅰ组的嫩度低0.34、失水率低1.68%、系水力高2.79%、粗脂肪含量高0.66%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)Ⅲ组的饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但其不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量均显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。【结论】提高日粮精粗比可促进荷斯坦青年公牛的生长发育,改善牛肉的肉质性状。从营养学角度看,低精料处理组(Ⅰ)和中精料处理组(Ⅱ)的牛肉品质优于高精料处理组(Ⅲ)。[Objective] This study was to investigate the effect of different levels of concentrate to forage ration on growth and meat quality in Holstein Young-Bull, and to privide evidence for bull Holstein fattening. [Method] Nine 6-month male Chinese Hostein bulls with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into three groups （Dietary concentrate to forage ration was 4 ： 6, 5 ： 5,6 ： 4 respectively） to con duct 3-month trial. At the end of the pilot test all bulls were slaughtered,with 2 kg of the longest dorsal muscle from each head packaging and sealed in clean fresh frozen bag. Samples of meat quality traits,mois ture,crude ash,crude fat and crude protein content were determined. [Result] （1） Compared with group Ⅰ , group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ had a significant difference in 9-month＇ s body weight, total body weight gain and average daily gain （P〈0.05）,increasing respectively by 13.40 kg and 17.00 kg,7.20 kg and 11.00 kg, 0.07 kg and 0.10 kg higher. （2） Group Ⅲ was 0.34,1. 68% lower than group Ⅰ in water loss rate and ten derness（P〈0.05） ,while 2.79% ,0.66% higher in water holding capacity and CF （P〈0.05） ;Essential fat ty acids and unsaturated fatty acid relative content of group Ⅲ were lower than that of group Ⅱ and group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] It can promote the growth and development of Holstein Young-Bull and improve their meat quality traits when increasing the level of concentrate to forage ration. In view of nutrition,low concentrate group and moderate concentrate group will do better on bovine meat quality than the group with high concentrate.

关 键 词：荷斯坦青年公牛 生长性状 肉质性状 精粗比 

分 类 号：S823.92[农业科学—畜牧学]