以DNA位点纯合率评价小麦品种的一致性和稳定性  

Evaluating Uniformity and Stability of Wheat Cultivars Based on Ratio of Homozygous DNA Locus

作　　者：王立新[1] 季伟[1] 李宏博[1] 葛玲玲[1] 信爱华[1] 王丽霞[2] 常利芳[1] 赵昌平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院/北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]内蒙古农业大学生物工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第12期2197-2204,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：北京市农业育种基础研究创新平台项目(D08070500690801);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A02-4)资助

摘　　要：为了解小麦杂交组合高世代株系和我国小麦品种的DNA位点纯合率,及其评价小麦品种一致性和稳定性的可行性,采用172对SSR、99对EST-SSR和76对AFLP-SCAR引物,检测了10个F4代株系、10个F5代株系和511个品种的DNA位点纯合率。结果表明,F4代和F5代株系的DNA位点纯合率分别为82.1%～94.5%和95.7%～99.4%。根据F5代500个单株的DNA纯合位点比率,推测出F6代株系的DNA位点纯合率为98%～100%。在511个品种中,有10%的品种其DNA位点纯合率低于95%。通过比较证明,DNA位点纯合率越高品种的一致性和稳定性越好。对2006—2009连续3个年度国家冬小麦区域试验品种的检测证明,DNA位点纯合率高于95%的大多数品种和DNA位点纯合率为90%～95%的少数品种具备一致性和稳定性;DNA位点纯合率低于90%的品种不具备一致性和稳定性。说明可以将DNA位点纯合率作为评价小麦品种一致性和稳定性的辅助标准。并提出了以20个个体为样本、检测50个DNA位点的小麦品种DNA位点纯合率检测方法以及检测方法中需注意的细节。Evaluation of the uniformity and stability is of great importance in the determination of cultivar release. The ratio of homozygous DNA locus ratio is one of the main factors affecting the uniformity and stability of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） cultivars. To figure out the feasibility of molecular markers in testing the uniformity and stability of wheat cultivars based on the homozygous DNA locus ratio, we examined each 50 individuals of every line of 10 F4, 10 F5 lines and 511 cultivars with 172 pairs of SSR, 99 pairs of EST-SSR, and 76 pairs of AFLP-SCAR primers. The homozygous DNA locus ratio was 82.1-94.5% in the F4 lines and 95.7-99.4% in the F5 lines, and the predicted homozygous DNA locus ratio was 98-100% in the F6 generation according to the homozygous DNA locus ratio of 500 individuals from F5 lines. In the 136 released cultivars and 375 cultivars from the National Regional Trials, 10% were observed with the homozygous DNA locus ratio less than 95%, including 11 released cultivars. Thirteen out of 129 cultivars from the 2007-2008 National Regional Trial for Winter Wheat had the homozygous DNA locus ratio less than 95% according to the test result at 84 loci. Compared with the cultivars whose homozygous locus ratio was higher than 95% （control）, eight of the 13 cultivars showed obviously segregation in major agronomic traits, such as plant height, plant type, spikelet number per spike, spike length, spike type and grain color, another five with 94% of the homozygous locus ratio had similar trait variations to the control. The test result of 375 cultivars from the National Regional Trials indicated that cultivars with the homozygous DNA locus ratio less than 90% did not have the uniformity and stability; whereas the most of cultivars with the homozygous DNA locus ratio higher than 95% and part of cultivars with the ratio ranging from 90% to 95% possessed the characteristics of uniformity and stability. The results indicated that molecular markers can be a great supplemental tool in the evaluation

关 键 词：普通小麦 DNA位点纯合率 品种一致性 品种稳定性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] Q523[生物学—生物化学]