高粱受精过程及其经历的时间  

Fertilization Process in Sorghum and Its Performance Time for Each Stage

作　　者：李冉俐[1] 申家恒[1] 贾媛[1] 李伟[1] 王黎明[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院作物育种研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第12期2234-2242,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3880041)资助

摘　　要：应用常规石蜡切片技术,对高粱花粉管生长途径、双受精过程及其经历的时间进行研究。结果表明,高粱开花即授粉,花粉随即萌发,花粉管进入羽状柱头分支结构的细胞间隙,向下生长于花柱至子房顶部引导组织的细胞间隙中;进入子房腔后,在子房壁与外珠被之间的缝隙中向珠孔方向生长;花粉管破坏一个助细胞后,在卵细胞与中央细胞之间的空隙中释放连续的球状内容物;两个精核分别进入卵细胞和中央细胞分别与卵核和极核融合。受精过程经历的时间为开花后0.5～3h左右,花粉管破坏一个助细胞进入胚囊,并释放精子;1～3h精核与极核融合形成初生胚乳核,精卵融合形成合子;4h左右初生胚乳核分裂;14h左右合子分裂。4～14h为合子静止期,该期为物理、化学诱变及花粉管通道法转基因技术实施的合适时间。Sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L. Moench） grows widely in the world as the fifth biggest crop in use for food, feed and raw material in brewing industry. Great achievements have been taken in routine breeding, and also in apomixis in sorghum. Re-ports on sorghum embryology mainly focused on the morphological structure and development of flower, megasporogenesis, mi-crosporogensis, megagametophyte and so on. The objective of this study was to explore the fertiligation process of sorghum by routine paraffin-embedded section technique to offer some information for its genetic breeding, gene engineering and reproductive biology. The results showed that pollen grains germinated immediately when they fell on stigma in self-pollinated sorghum, then pollen tubes grew into the intercellular space of branched structure of penniform stigma, entering and penetrating ovary, and growing into micropyle. Pollen tube entered and destroyed one synergid and released successive round staff between egg and central cells. One sperm nucleus entered egg and the other entered central cell. Male and female nucleoli were fused at last. The performance time was as follows： pollen tube grew into micropyle and entered one synergid to release two sperms at 0.5-3 h after flowering; fusion of sperm-polar nucleus and egg-sperm nucleus took place at about 1-3 h after flowering; primary endosperm nucleus divided at about 4 h after flowering; zygote divided at 14 h after flowering; the dormancy stage of zygote was about 4-14 h after flowering, which is the proper time for transgenic operation with pollen-tube pathway technology and other physic-chemical mutagenesis.

关 键 词：高粱(Sorghum BICOLOR L.Moench) 花粉管生长途径 受精过程 受精经历时间 合子静止期 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学] Q959.223.5[生物学—动物学]