石灰氮催芽对葡萄芽内源物质含量的影响(英文)  

Effects of Advancing Germination with Calcium Cyanamide on Contents of Endogenous Substances in Grape Buds

作　　者：曹慕明[1,2,3] 白先进[3] 李杨瑞[4] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学,南宁530005 [2]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院南方葡萄研究中心,南宁530007 [4]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第11期2275-2280,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：农业部948项目(2006-G26);广西农业科学院发展基金(2007015,2007004[Z],桂科能(0815011-6-1-12)

摘　　要：用15%石灰氮对巨峰葡萄（Kyoho grapevine）进行催芽后,于葡萄休眠解除过程中对芽内源激素含量、蛋白质含量以及淀粉酶活性的动态变化进行测定分析,以探讨石灰氮解除葡萄休眠的生理机制。结果显示：（1）用15%石灰氮催芽5 d后葡萄芽解除休眠而萌发,比对照提前5-8 d,处理21 d后休眠已经被打破;（2）处理后葡萄芽内ABA含量急剧下降了86.48%,而GA3、ZR和IAA分别升高了461.70%、107.24%和1 020.41%;（3）IAA的急剧升高,伴随着淀粉酶活性加强,加速淀粉降解为可溶性糖;而蛋白质含量则先下降后升高。可见,石灰氮催芽后,葡萄芽内的生长抑制类激素ABA含量降低的同时生长促进类激素IAA、ZR和GA3含量急剧增加,内源激素平衡被打破,加强了葡萄芽内有机物质的代谢,为葡萄芽的萌发提供了物质基础。因此,石灰氮处理促进葡萄休眠芽萌发的主要原因可能是调节了葡萄芽内各种激素平衡关系,从而加速了葡萄芽内有机物质的代谢而最终解除芽体休眠。The plants of Kyoho grapevine were treated with 15% calcium cyanamide to advance germination.During the dormancy release,the dynamic changes in contents of the endogenous hormone,protein and soluble sugar and the activity of amylase were detected in order to explore the physiological mechanism of calcium cyanamide advancing germination in grape.The results showed that：（1）After treatment with 15% calcium cyanamide on the grape for 5 d,the bud dormancy was released and the buds germinated,58 d in advance of the control.The dormancy were completely broken at 21 d after calcium cyanamide treatment;（2）After the calcium cyanamide treatment,the content of ABA sharply dropped by 86.48% while the contents of GA3,ZR and IAA increased by 461.70%,107.24% and 1 020.41%,respectively in the grape buds;（3）The activity of amylase was enhanced,accelerating the starch degradation into soluble sugar,while the content of protein was increased after the first drop.These results suggested that the calcium cyanamide treatment for advancing germination decreased the content of growth-inhibiting hormone ABA while dramatically increased the levels of growth-promoting hormone IAA,ZR and GA3,which changed the endogenous hormone balance,and enhanced the metabolism of organic substances in the grape bud,and eventually released the bud dormancy.

关 键 词：巨峰葡萄 萌芽调节 生理效应 石灰氮 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]