面神经骨管对失神经支配面神经损伤的影响  

The effect of fallopian canal on denervation damage of facial nerve in guinea pig

作　　者：任子涵[1] 姜学均[1] 任重[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科,辽宁沈阳110001

出　　处：《解剖科学进展》2009年第4期386-389,共4页Progress of Anatomical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.39670779)

摘　　要：目的探讨实验性面瘫面神经骨管对面神经乃至运动终板损伤及开放面神经骨管的意义。方法压榨面神经制作颞骨内绞扼性面瘫实验模型,分为开放面神经骨管组(开放组)和非开放面神经骨管组(非开放组),非实验侧作为正常对照组。分别测定两组面神经膨胀率。应用诱发肌电图仪分别测试两组压榨前后的刺激反应阈值。应用透射电子显微镜观察两组面神经的病理变化。应用"盐酸消化法"制作口轮匝肌的扫描电子显微镜标本,观察次级突触间隙的变化。结果开放组膨胀率平均为42.6%±6.3%,非开放组膨胀率平均为38.1%±2.8%,两组间差异显著(t=5.41,P<0.01)。开放组面神经髓鞘和轴突变性明显比非开放组轻,开放组次级突触间隙隙沟明显多于非开放组。开放组反应阈值恢复到压榨前,平均需32.8±6.4d,而非开放组平均需57.3±9.5d,两组间差异显著(t=6.01,P<0.01)。结论面神经骨管对病变面神经有绞扼性损伤作用,开放面神经骨管能解除骨管对面神经的绞扼性损伤作用,有利于面神经及运动终板功能恢复,提示临床颞骨外伤性面瘫行面神经减压术有利于面神经功能的恢复。Objective To study the effect of fallopian canal on facial nerve and its motor end plate in experimental facial paralysis and the signification of fallopian canal opening. Methods Experimental model of intratemporal facial paralysis was established with compressing injury and then guinea pigs were divided into two groups： fallopian canal opening group and fallopian canal non-opening group, nonexperimental side as normal control group. Expansion rate of facial nerve was measured, evoked eleetromyograph instrument was used to measure the electric stimulation respond threshold of facial nerve before and after compressing injury, and pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The scanning electron microscope（SES） samples of orbicularis oris muscle were prepared using hydrochloric acid digesting method and the changes of secondary synaptic space were observed under SES. Results The expansion rate of the facial nerve was higher in the fallopian canal opening group（42.6% ± 6.3%） than in the fallopian canal non-opening group（38.1% ± 2.8%, t=5.41, P〈0.01. Myelin sheaths and axon degeneration of facial nerve was milder and secondary synaptie clefts were more in the opening group than in the non-opening group obviously. The time respond threshold resumed to the normal level needed 32.8 ± 6.4 days in the opening group, but 57.3 ± 9.5 days in the non-opening group （t=6.01, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Fallopian canal opening could reieve the compressing injury of the facial nerve caused by fallopian canal and be beneficial to the function recovery of the facial nerve and motor end plate, which indicates that facial nerve decompressing in intratemproral facial paralysis could facilitate the function recovery of the damaged facial nerve.

关 键 词：面神经 病理学 机能学 豚鼠 

分 类 号：Q429.7[生物学—神经生物学]