河南省冬小麦灌溉需水量及年型特征  

Irrigation Water Requirement for Winter Wheat and Its Year Pattern Characteristics in Henan Province

作　　者：马志红[1,2] 许蓬蓬[1,2] 朱自玺[1,2] 李树岩[1,2] 师丽魁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [2]中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2009年第4期60-64,共5页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

摘　　要：本文以麦田水分平衡为基础，系统分析了冬小麦需水量、生育期降水量和底墒水储藏量3个分量的变化及其对冬小麦灌溉需水量的影响。不同气候年型冬小麦生育期降水量和前一年夏季降水量对冬小麦灌溉需水量有很大的影响。分析结果表明，河南省冬小麦灌溉需水量等值线基本上呈纬向分布，自南向北逐渐增大。正常年零值线大体位于卢氏、嵩县、许昌、鄢陵、柘城至永城一线。在此线以北必须进行灌溉，其灌溉量愈向北愈大，从50--100mm到100--200mm；零值线以南，不需要灌溉。丰水年零值线大约向北移动0．5～0．8个纬距，全省灌溉面积和灌溉量明显减小，零值线以北灌溉量约为50--150mm；歉水年零值线南移，与正常年相比，大约向南移动1．0～1．5个纬距，灌溉面积和灌溉量明显增大，自零值线向北，灌溉量分别为50--100、100--200和200mm以上。Based on water balance of farmland, the variation of crop water requirement, precipitation during the growing season and soil water content at planting of winter wheat and its influence on irrigation water requirement were analyzed. Precipitation during the growing season and previous summer in different climatic year pattern affected the irrigation water requirement of winter wheat greatly. By means of calculation, the isoline of irrigation water requirement for winter wheat was basically a zonal distribution in Henan province, increasing gradually from south to north. In normal years, the zero isoline of irrigation water requirement locates in Lushi, Songxian, Xuchang, Yanling, Zhecheng and Yongcheng. Irrigation must be practiced in north of this line and the amount should be 50--100 mm and 100--200 ram, increasing from south to north. But in south of the zero line, no irrigation is required. In years of plentiful precipitation, the zero isoline will be moved northward by 0. 5 - 0.8 latitudes. The irrigation area and water amount will be decreased obviously, amount being 50 150 mm. But in years of short precipitation, the zero isoline will be moved southward by 1.0--1.5 latitudes, the irrigation area and water amount increases obviously, amount being 50--100,100--200 and over 200 mm from south to north.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌溉量 需水量 气候年型 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.11[农业科学—农业工程]