水分蒸散耗散结构的初步验证  

The Primary Proof-Testing of the Evapotranspiration Dissipative Structure in the Extreme Dry Area

作　　者：李红寿[1,2] 汪万福[1,3,2] 张国彬[1,2] 邱飞[1,2] 詹鸿涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院保护所,甘肃敦煌736200 [2]古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第6期200-204,209,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(40671022,40940005);敦煌研究院院级课题

摘　　要：在极干旱区的敦煌莫高窟应用称重法测定蒸散量,对比分析土壤粒径、盐分、水分、气候状况、植物种类等对蒸散的影响。发现水分蒸散与各因子之间存在广泛的非线性关系和非线性作用机制,符合耗散结构理论成立的条件和特征要求。各相关因子都是蒸散的结构构成,它们的综合作用可使蒸散强度呈非线性表现。蒸散强度是各因子共同作用形成的结构功能,当土壤、气象、水分、植被等蒸散因子在波动涨落中发生协同共振时即可形成耗散结构,使蒸散强度表现出或高或低的非线性分岔突变。水分耗散结构是蒸散因子在时空异质性的综合表现,在各地的水分蒸散中普遍存在。初步证明耗散结构理论应用在水分蒸散中是适宜的。Through measuring the water evapotranspiration by weighing at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in the extreme dry area, the factors affecting on evapotranspiration, such as the size of soil grain, salt, water, climate status, the kind of vegetation and etc. , were comparatively analyzed, and the nonlinear relation- ship between the factors and evapotranspiration were found. The evapotranspiration and the factors have a wide nonlinear active mechanism, fitting in the conditions and characters of the existence of the dissipative structure theory. All relative factors are the elements of the evapotranspiration. The integrate action makes evapotranspiring intensity nonlinear state. The intensity of the evapotranspiration is a structure function formed by all factors. When the factors of soil, weather, water, vegetation and etc. fluctuate the cooperating resonance, the dissipative structure will be formed, and the evapotranspiring intensity shows a branching and great variance with a higher or lower nonlinearity. The dissipative structure prevalently exists everywhere in the evapotranspiration system. It is an integrate reflecting a spatio-temporal heterogeneity of evapotranspiring factors. The theory of dissipative structure is testified primarily, reflecting it is suitably applied in the evapotranspiring processes.

关 键 词：蒸散 水分 土壤 气候 耗散结构 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]