有机肥施用对水田土壤溶液氮磷动态变化及环境的潜在影响  

Variation of N & P Contents in Paddy Soil Water and Its Potential Environmental Effect Under Pig Manure Application

作　　者：孙瑞娟[1,2] 王德建[1] 林静慧[1] 杨林章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2009年第6期907-911,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAJ10B06);南京土壤研究所所长基金项目(ISSASIP0725)资助

摘　　要：通过原状土柱模拟试验,开展了稻麦轮作条件下,有机肥施用对水稻田面水及渗漏水中N、P变化规律影响的研究。结果表明,水稻施肥后的一定时期内田面水中可溶性总N(DTN)、NH4+-N、NO3--N与N肥施用量呈正相关,伴随着3次施肥呈现出3个峰值,田面水中DTN以NH4+-N为主。80cm深处渗漏水的DTN、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度均是施肥处理高于对照,但各处理间没有显示与施肥量的相关性。田面水中溶解性总P(DTP)在整个生育期内与猪粪用量呈显著正相关,当猪粪用量超过鲜重40t/hm2时,渗漏液中DTP含量显著高于其他处理,说明过量有机肥施入土壤后,P素不能被作物立即吸收,也不易被土壤固定,随渗漏液进入地下水,成为水体富营养化的诱因。The experiment on waterlogged paddy soil （Wushan soil） installed with large-scale lysimeter was carried out to evaluate the potential effect of fertilization on environmental quality. The result indicated that there were significant positive correlation between fertilizer application rate and the concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen （TDN）, NH4＋-N and NO3-N in surface water. When large amount of animal manure （e.g.40 t/hm~） was applied to the field, the loss of phosphorus would be significant. The results revealed that excessive application of organic manure could cause runoff and leaching of N and P from soil to surface water and ground water, resulting in potential negative effect on the rural environment.

关 键 词：原状土柱 有机肥 土壤溶液 氮磷渗漏 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]