湖北潮土区不同轮作制度下土壤养分平衡状况与评价  

Soil Nutrient Balance Status and Evaluation Under Different Cropping Rotations in Alluvial Soil Regions of Hubei

作　　者：刘冬碧[1] 余延丰[1] 范先鹏[1] 熊桂云[1] 陈防[2] 杨永成 殷辉[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥所,武汉430064 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074 [3]荆门市农业局土肥站,湖北荆门434500 [4]黄冈市农业科学院,湖北黄州438000

出　　处：《土壤》2009年第6期912-916,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2008BADA4B08和2007BAD87B09);湖北省农业科技创新项目(2007-620-003-03-05);国际植物营养研究所NMS项目(IPNI-HB-18)资助

摘　　要：通过连续5年定点调查和取样分析,研究了湖北省2个潮土区域农田土壤养分平衡状况,并用允许养分平衡盈亏率进行了评价。结果表明:①在几种主要轮作制中,所有作物的K肥施用量及施用比例均明显比N肥低,但几乎所有作物的K素吸收量均明显高于N素吸收量,早、晚稻吸收P、K的比例明显高于其它作物。②不同轮作制中土壤养分平衡状况表现为N素有不同程度的盈余、P素基本平衡、K素总是亏缺的,且水田K素亏缺量明显高于旱地。在此基础上,作者提出"减N稳P增K"和以一个轮作周期为单位进行统筹施肥的养分平衡调控措施,以实现作物生产的高产稳产和土壤养分平衡的良性循环。Farmland nutrient balances under different cropping rotations in two alluvial soil regions of Hubei Province were studied and evaluated by using nutrient permissible surplus or deficit rate on the base of investigation and sample analysis from 2001 to 2005. Results showed that, （1） in the main cropping rotations of the studied regions, both potash application rate and ratio were obviously lower than N fertilizer, but K absorption of the crops was obviously higher than N absorption. P and K absorption ratios of early-rice and late-rice were significantly higher than those of other crops; （2）significant surplus of N, deficit of K and relative balance of P were observed. The deficit rate of K in paddy soil was much higher than that in upland soil. Countermeasures were proposed to realize the beneficial cycle of soil nutrient balance, for examples, to decrease N fertilizer and increase K application, to make fertilization strategy for an entire cropping rotation.

关 键 词：农田土壤 施肥现状 养分吸收 养分平衡 养分允许平衡盈亏率 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]