我们是谁？威尔逊、一战与美国国家身份的重塑  

Who are we? Woodrow Wilson,the First World War and the Reshaping of America's National Identity

作　　者：王立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系教授,北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2009年第6期127-151,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJD770118)“美国对外关系史研究(1775-2005)”阶段性成果

摘　　要：在美国崛起为世界大国的新形势下,威尔逊借助美国卷入大战和实施战争动员这一难得的时机,通过重新阐释美国的传统与特性以及利用德国作为"他者"与美国相对照,成功地使美国的自我形象与国际角色从19世纪的"共和榜样"和"自由典范"转换为"自由卫士"和"世界领袖"。威尔逊对国家身份的重塑不仅有助于当时的战争动员,而且解决了美国踏上世界舞台后的角色困惑与身份危机,为崛起的美国确立了长远的国家政策走向。他对美国理想、角色和命运的创造性阐释主导了美国人对自己国家存在的意义以及美国与世界关系的理解,成为20世纪美国最有影响力的外交政策话语,对美国外交产生了深远的影响。In the new context of the rise of the United States as a world power,Woodrow Wilson seized the exceptional opportunity of American involvement in WWI and wartime mobilization to reinterpret America's traditions and characteristics,contrasting them with Germany,the'other'.He successfully transformed America's self-image and international role from the'model republic'and'exemplar of freedom'of the nineteenth century to that of a'guardian of freedom'and'world leader.'Wilson's reshaping of American identity not only facilitated wartime mobilization but also resolved America's identity crisis and its confusion about the role it was to play after its entry onto the world stage.In so doing,he identified the long-term direction of national policy.His creative interpretation of America's ideals,role and destiny led his countrymen to an understanding of the meaning of their country's existence and its relationship with the world and became the most influential foreign policy discourse of the twentieth century America.This had a far-reaching influence on American foreign policy.

关 键 词：威尔逊 国家身份 国际角色 美国外交 

分 类 号：K712.4[历史地理—历史学]