青藏高原植被垂直带与气候因子的空间关系  

Spatial Relationship between Altitudinal Vegetation Belts and Climatic Factors in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：许娟[1] 张百平[2] 谭靖[2,3] 孙然好[4] 姚永慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《山地学报》2009年第6期663-670,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571010);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金共同资助~~

摘　　要：集成了青藏高原气候区149个山地植被垂直带数据,利用国家基本气象台站自建站以来到2001年的地面观测日气象数据,计算了地面的温暖(WI)、寒冷(CI)、湿润(MI)、吉良龙夫(Kira)干湿指数、干燥度(Idm)等水热指数,运用GIS的空间分析模块,模拟了青藏高原水热条件的空间分布形势,探讨山地植被垂直带谱分布规律与制约因子的定量指标。结果表明:在高原的东北部、西北边缘,以荒漠、荒漠草原、山地森林、山地草原、灌丛、草甸为组合的半干旱、干旱结构向高原腹地以高寒草原、高山草甸、荒漠带组合的高寒干旱带谱结构的变化;东南、南部边缘,以温暖湿润为特征的以森林带为优势带谱组合结构逐渐向寒冷的高原中心变化;高原的地势效应,致使的水热形势呈现从中央向边缘变化的趋势是致使青藏高原植被垂直带谱分布的重要原因。A total of 149 altitudinal belt spectra of mountain vegetation were digitally integrated. In order to interpret the relationship between mountain vegetation belts and climatic factors, the spatial distribution of temperature-humidity indices （such as CI, WI, MI, Kira and Idm） , which are calculated from observatory data in the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, were analyzed by using the Spatial Analyst Tool of ArcGIS 9.0 software. The conclusions show that dry altitudinal vegetation belt spectra in the northeastern and northwestern borders of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau con- sisted of some or all of desert, desert-grass, forest, shrub, and steppe ; while alpine steppe, alpine meadow and alpine desert combine to form the dry and cold spectra in the middle of the plateau, and in the southern and southeastern the forest belt was preponderant. It suggested that the variation of climate from the peripheries to the central part in the plateau might influence the distribution pattern of vegetation spectra

关 键 词：青藏高原 垂直带谱 分布 气候 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] Q948.3[生物学—植物学]