长期施肥对红壤有机碳矿化及微生物活性的影响  

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION ON MINERALIZATION OF ORGANIC CARBON AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN RED SOIL

作　　者：李梦雅[1,2] 王伯仁[1,2] 徐明岗[1,2] 李桂花[1,2] 孙楠[1,2] 张文菊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南祁阳426182

出　　处：《核农学报》2009年第6期1043-1049,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2007-15);国家“十一五”重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09,2006BAD02A14)

摘　　要：为评价不同施肥条件下红壤有机碳矿化和微生物活性及两者之间的关系,对长期定位试验施有机肥(M),施用氮、磷、钾化肥(NPK),有机肥配合化肥(NPKM),秸秆配合化肥(NPKS)和不施肥(CK)共5个处理的红壤进行室内培养,分析不同施肥处理下红壤有机碳矿化的CO2释放量、微生物数量及微生物碳源代谢特征。结果表明,不同施肥处理的土壤有机碳矿化释放CO2量差异显著,由一级反应动力学方程拟合计算出土壤潜在有机碳矿化释放CO2-C量的大小顺序:M>NPKM>NPK≈NPKS>CK,其值分别为180.3、88.5、47.64、3.4和34.5 mg/kg。培养初期微生物活性较弱时CO2的释放速率最高,微生物数量的增长落后于有机碳矿化速率变化,但培养143、5和69 d时3种微生物数量大小顺序为M>NPKM>NPK≈NPKS≈CK,各处理间差异显著且与CO2释放量显著相关。不同施肥处理间微生物群落结构差异显著,其趋势与有机碳矿化相符合。说明长期施肥特别是长期施用有机肥能影响微生物的群落结构,提高红壤微生物活性,进而促进微生物对有机碳的矿化。To investigate mineralization of organic carbon, microbial activity and their relationship under different fertilization in red soil, five kinds of samples from long-term fertilized soil （manure, M; nitrogen plus phosphorus plus Potassium, NPK; manure plus NPK, NPKM; NPK plus straw, NPKS; without any fertilization, CK） were incubated, and the CO2 production rate, the number of and metabolic diversity of microbes of samples were evaluated. The result shows that ： soil CO2 production amoung samples is significantly different, the order of potential CO2-C production of the five kinds of samples, which derived from the first-order kinetic model, is as follows： M（180.3 mg/kg） 〉 NPKM（88.5 mg/kg） 〉 NPK（47.6 mg/kg） ≈NPKS （43.4 mg/kg ） 〉 CK （34.5 mg/kg）. The number of increasing bacteria, fungi and Actinomycete which is later than their mineralization rate of organic carbon, however, is significantly different between the samples under different fertilization at the 14^th , 35^th ,69^th day of incubation. The order pattern： M 〉 NPKM 〉 NPK ≈ NPKS ≈ CK, is significantly correlatived with those of CO2 production. The microbial communities of the samples under different fertilizations are obviously different, which i., similar to their mineralization of organic carbon. The result shows that long-term fertilization, especially the use of manure has significant effect on microbial communities, enhances activity of microbe, and then increases the microbial mineralizatiol of organic carbon.

关 键 词：红壤 长期施肥 有机碳矿化 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]