美国墨西哥移民的行业分布与职业结构  

Mexican Immigrants in the United States:Occupational Distribution and Structure

作　　者：宋鸥[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学<史学集刊>编辑部

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2009年第6期28-35,共8页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：早期墨西哥移民在美国主要分布于农业、矿业和铁路修建等特定行业,20世纪六七十年代后逐渐转向建筑业、制造业、零售业和服务业等劳动密集型行业。与墨西哥移民置身的行业模式相符,他们所从事的职业相对低下,往往分布于低技能和低薪职业种类中,无论与非墨西哥移民还是与美国本土人相比,墨西哥移民体力劳动者比重偏大,从事专业与管理类职业人数较少,纵向流动缺失。这种职业模式在很大程度上决定了墨西哥移民在美国社会分层中地位低下,这既与其自身人力资本状况相关,也源于美国经济与社会因素的制约。Mexico represents the largest single source of immigration to the United States. Mexican immigrants were originally engaged in farming, mining and railway construction, and then turned to other labor intensive sectors such as construction, manufacture, retail trade and service since the 1960s. Generally they are concentrated in lower-skilled, lower-paying occupations and only a minor part of them are employed in managerial and professional jobs. The occupational distribution and structure is a result of the lower educational attainment of many Mexican immigrants as well as a variety of constraining factors in the destination country, which means that they are predominantly of low socio-economic status in the United States.

关 键 词：墨西哥移民 美国 行业分布 职业模式 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] D771.238[政治法律—政治学]