杨树树皮挥发物的超临界萃取及对青杨脊虎天牛行为的影响  

Extracted Volatiles from Poplar Bark Using CO_2 Supercritical Fluid and Its Impact on the Behaviour of Xylotrechus rusticus

作　　者：程立超[1] 迟德富[1] 谢兴[1] 王广利[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林业科学》2009年第11期109-114,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30671694);黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GB06B304)

摘　　要：通过正交试验研究以收率为指标的CO2超临界萃取小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取工艺条件。结果表明:萃取压力25MPa、温度50℃、时间60min为小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取条件,收率为3.56%;依此条件分别萃取白城二号杨、小黑杨、俄罗斯杨、中东杨、小青杨、小青×黑杨、大青杨、斯大林杨、银中杨和小叶杨的树皮挥发物。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对挥发物的化学组成及相对含量进行测定。结果表明:挥发性物质主要包括醛类、酯类、酸类、烃类等化合物,其中以酸类物质含量最高,其他物质含量均较低;萘、醌、、酮等大分子物质含量较少;中东杨和斯大林杨树皮中特异化合物种类较多。同时利用"Y"形嗅觉仪测定青杨脊虎天牛对10种杨树树皮100μL挥发物的行为反应。结果表明,雄成虫对小青杨的选择率54.17%,为最高;雌成虫对小青×黑杨的最大选择率为58.33%,其次是对小青杨和中东杨的选择率54.17%。雄成虫对10种杨树树皮CO2超临界萃取液的选择率差异不显著(P>0.05),而雌成虫呈显著差异(P<0.05)。The research focus on the optimum technological conditions of poplar bark volatiles CO_2 supercritical fluid extraction（SFE-CO_2）taking it rate as index by orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the extraction rate of the volatiles of Populus simonii,using SFE-CO_2,is 3.56% under the best condition of 25 MPa pressure,50 ℃ and the extracting time of 60 min.The volatiles of the barks of P.×xiaozhuanica cv.＇Baicheng-2＇,P.simonii,P.russkii,P.berolinensis,P.pseudo-simonii,P.pseudo-simonii×P.nigra,P.ussuriensis,P.stalintz,P.alba×P.berolinensis and P.simonii were extracted using the same condition.The chemical components of volatiles were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.The research found that the major components of the volatiles are aldehyde,ester,acid,hydrocarbon,and mainly acid,while,the content of other substances is lower,less other big molecule components such as naphthalene,quinine,azulene and ketone.There are more variety of special compounds in the barks of P.berolinensis and P.stalintz.The behavioral reactions of males and females X.rusticus to the volatiles,100 μL,of ten kinds of poplar barks to volatiles were tested respectively using Y-tube olfactometer.It showed that 54.17% of male X.rusticus choose P.pseudo-simonii,comparatively,58.33% of females choose P.pseudo-simonii×P.nigra and 54.17% of female X.rusticus choose the votaliles of P.pseudo-simonii and P.berolinensis.ANOVA analysis showed that the difference among the percentages of the male X.rusticus choosing the ten kinds of volatiles are not significant（P0.05）,but the females shown the significant reaction differences to the different volatiles（P0.05）.

关 键 词：青杨脊虎天牛 杨树 CO2超临界萃取 挥发物 行为反应 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]