冬季秸秆还田和土地管理对水稻生长期CH_4排放的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw Incorporation and Land Management in Winter on Methane Emission During Rice-growing Season

作　　者：张广斌[1,2] 马二登[1,2] 张晓艳[1,2] 马静[1] 徐华[1] 蔡祖聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第12期2501-2505,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA21330);中国科学院知识创新重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-08);中国科学院院长奖专项资金

摘　　要：利用田间试验研究了冬季3种土地管理方式下(种麦、休闲和淹水)秸秆施用(4800kg.hm-2和0)对后续稻季CH4排放的影响。结果表明,休闲混施和休闲不施处理CH4平均排放通量显著高于种麦混施和种麦不施处理(P<0.05),但显著低于淹水混施和淹水不施处理(P<0.05);淹水混施处理CH4平均排放通量显著高于淹水不施处理(P<0.05),而休闲混施和休闲不施处理、种麦混施和种麦不施处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。水稻生长期CH4排放通量与5、10cm处土温呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与土壤Eh无显著相关性(P>0.05)。改冬季淹水和休闲稻田为种植小麦或在水稻移栽前对休闲稻田实施除草措施能显著减少稻田CH4排放量,是一种既增加农作物产量又能达到减少温室气体CH4排放的农业措施,具有很大的应用推广价值。A field experiment was conducted to study effects of two rice straw incorporation （Treatment S）（4 800 kg·hm^-2 and O）and land management [planting wheat（P）, fallow（f）, and flooding（F）] in winter on CH4 emission during the following rice-growing season. Results show that the mean CH4 fluxes in Treatments f＋S and f were significantly higher than in Treatments P＋S and P（P〈0.05 ）, but significantly lower than in Treatments F＋S and F（P〈0.05 ）. The mean CH4 flux in Treatment F＋S was significantly higher than in Treatment F（P〈0.05 ）, while no significant difference was observed between Treatments f＋S and f, and between Treatments P＋S and P （P〉0.05）. During the rice-growing season, significantly positive correlation was observed between CH4 flux and soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm at depth（P〈0.01 ）, whereas little was observed between CH4 flux and soil Eh （P〉0.05）. Planting wheat, instead of leaving the paddy fields flooded or in fallow in winter or weeding the fallow fields before transplanting rice significantly decreased CH4 emission, which may be cited as valuable approach worth extending to increasing crop yield as well as decreasing CH4 emission.

关 键 词：CH4排放通量 秸秆还田 土地管理 土壤温度 农业措施 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]