北京麋鹿苑达乌里寒鸦迁徙和越冬期种群动态与集群行为的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Population Dynamic and Flocking of Corvus dauurica in Winter and Migratory Season at Milu Park,Beijing

作　　者：张智[1] 唐宝田[1] 张林源[1] 钟震宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,100076

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2009年第6期17-22,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：2005年10月～2009年5月,在达乌里寒鸦(Corvus dauurica)迁徙和越冬期间,针对其在北京麋鹿苑内的种群数量变化,成体、幼体组成比例的变化,以及在麋鹿苑集群停歇的原因等问题,进行了调查分析。结果表明,达乌里寒鸦每年10月中旬前后开始到麋鹿苑聚集活动,次年5月份以后,集群现象消失。持续活动时间为(166±11)d,10月底或11月初种群数量达最大,2008年10月下旬,最大数量一度达(6500±300)只,4个迁徙越冬期的最大种群数量存在极显著差异(χ(23)=8484.47,P<0.01)。Krushkal-wallis H检验表明,4个迁徙越冬季的种群数量之间差异不显著(χ(23)=6.14,P=0.11>0.05)。幼体的比例在秋季迁徙前期和春季迁徙后期相对较高,可达100%。观察表明,该鸟在麋鹿苑周边的垃圾场觅食后,选择在苑内饮水是其在麋鹿苑集群的主要原因。Observations on Daurian Jackdaws （Corvus dauurica）were carried during four consecutive migratory and wintering seasons of 2005 to 2009 at Milu park,Beijing.We recorded population size variation,flock size,and percentage of juveniles.Daurian Jackdaws were observed 166±11 days from mid October to the end of the following May.The population size reached peaks in late October or early November.No significant yearly difference in population size among four seasons （χ2_ （3） =6.14 P=0.11〉0.05）was identified by Krushkal-wallis H test,but the peak number of birds （6 500±300） recorded in 2008 was significantly different from the other three seasons （χ2_ （3） =8 484.47,P〈0.01）.Juveniles arrived at the study area earlier and left later than adults,as result,the proportion of juveniles in the population was higher in October and May each year,and even reached to 100% in the beginning and ending of migratory and wintering seasons.Seeking water resource after forage in refuse dump around Milu Park would be the main reason for them forming flocks.

关 键 词：达乌里寒鸦 越冬 集群 迁徙 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]