古代新疆伊犁河流域农业土地资源利用及启示  

Ancient Exploitation and Implications of Agricultural Land Resources over the Ancient IIi River Basin

作　　者：赵建安[1] 张英[1] 刘芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第12期2047-2054,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(编号:2007BAC15B03)

摘　　要：本文结合伊犁河流域土地开发自然条件和环境,对新疆伊犁河流域历史上,主要是清代农业土地资源开发的规模、形式、结构等进行了分析和讨论,并对历史上的农业土地资源开发特征进行了总结,提出古代伊犁河流域农业土地资源的开发活动,在历史上起到了重要的屯垦戍边,保障"丝绸之路"繁荣的基本作用;同时,还起到了推动区域社会经济发展,农耕技术与文化的传播,民族交流与融合等多种功效。古代伊犁河流域的农业土地资源开发方式对当今伊犁河流域的土地资源开发模式和格局具有重要的借鉴及启示。这些借鉴及启示包括:①伊犁河流域历史上农业土地资源开发主要与屯垦戍边相关联,是一个边防与经济发展并举的重要举措;②古代以屯垦为主要方式的伊犁河流域农业土地资源开发与中原王朝政权的兴衰相关联,边疆地区的安宁和发展,将有赖于国家的繁荣昌盛;③以屯垦为主要方式的农业土地资源开发活动具有重要的社会经济功效,对当今伊犁河流域的土地资源开发模式和格局起到了重要的铺垫;④当今伊犁河流域的农业土地资源开发由于受多种因素的影响和制约,需要充分考虑当地资源环境的供给能力;⑤当今伊犁河流域的农业土地资源开发需要更注重于结构和质量提高,在总量上控制开发规模,优化结构,提高集约化开发水平。On the basis of natural conditions and the environment of land resource development over the IIi river basin,the authors analyzed and discussed the scale,form and structure of historical agricultural land resource development over the area,primarily for the period of the Qing dynasty.Moreover,we summarized development characteristics of agricultural land resources in history,and demonstrated that the land exploitation had played a fundamental role in reclaiming land and guarding the frontier areas,which ensured the prosperity of the Silk Road.At the same time,practice of agricultural land resource development also greatly benefited regional social and economic development,contributing to the spread of farming technology and culture,and meanwhile promoting national amalgamation and assimilation.It is pointed out that the ancient natural land resource exploitation mode has important enlightenment and inspiration to exploration activities nowadays.It was found that first,the ancient development of agriculture land resources was generally associated with practice of reclaiming land and guarding the frontier areas,which is a combination practice of frontier defense and economic development.Second,the ancient exploration pattern over the IIi River basin was closely related to the rise and decline of the ruling dynasties in the Central Plain.The peace and prosperity of the frontier areas were largely relied on the development of the whole country.It was also found that the cultivating and guarding-centered exploitation mode of agricultural land resources showed significant socio-economic effects,resulting in a large amount of social and economic value,i.e.,satisfying the demand for food and materials of people,balancing regional development and so forth.This paved the way to today＇s land resource development modes and patterns.The supply capacity of local resources and environment should be carefully taken into consideration due to a variety of factors and constraints determining agricultural land resource exploration

关 键 词：新疆伊犁河流域 古代 农业土地资源开发 借鉴和启示 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]