中国省会城市能源消费的空间分布特征分析  

Analysis on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Urban Energy Consumption among Capital Cities in China

作　　者：梁竞[1,2] 张力小[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第12期2086-2092,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40901293);国家863项目(编号:2007AA06A40405;2007AA06A40406);国家973项目(编号:2005CB724204)

摘　　要：本文选取我国大陆30个省会城市(拉萨缺数据)的城市能源系统为研究对象,对这些典型城市能源消费的规模、结构与效率在空间上的分布特征进行了分析。研究表明:中国城市能源消费的区域差异性明显,消费规模大体上呈现出总量自东向西依次递减,人均消费量西部却明显偏高的空间格局;煤炭仍然是我国城市能源消费结构的主体,特别是在中西部煤炭资源丰富的地区,而电力、石油等优质能源则在我国东南沿海和北方发达城市使用较多;能源使用效率较高的城市主要集中在东南沿海地区,效率较低的城市主要集中在以煤炭消费为主的内陆地区。城市能源消费的这种空间差异性使分区管理显得十分重要,实行有差异化的区域能源管理政策将是降低节能减排成本、提高节能减排效率以及城市能源系统有效性建设的关键之一。Cities are usually believed to be a focal point of energy consumption,particularly over developed countries.It would become a primary region for energy administration in the future.However,energy consumption varies significantly among cities in China due to the diversity and complex distributions of geographical and socio-economic factors.It is therefore necessary to offer a big picture and a well-grounded prospect of energy consumption at urban levels in China.The paper intended to present a better understanding of observed current situations and spatial variations associated with urban energy consumption from a variety of aspects.Based on investigation of large scale statistics and related processing of data,the spatial distribution characteristics of urban energy systems associated with 30 capital cities（the Lhasa was excluded due to the lack of data）of Chinese mainland in 2005 were examined and analyzed from the perspectives of consumption scale,structure and efficiency,respectively.Results were shown using the GIS platform.Results indicated that there existed notable inter-urban differences in energy consumption performance among cites being considered.A general decreasing trend from the east to the west with regard to total consumption was observed,which was generally in accordance with the overall pattern of China＇s economic development.The per capita energy consumption,however,was higher among these cities in western regions obviously.Regarding the energy consumption structure,coal was still a dominant energy source over urban areas,especially over regions rich in coal resources in the central and western parts of China.In addition,high quality energy,like electricity and petroleum products,was more utilized over the southeast coastal zone and northern developed areas.The energy consumption efficiency of cities along the coast of the southeast was relatively higher,by contrast to lowest energy efficiency cities over the hinterland that is rich in and highly depends on coal resources.Moreover,due to

关 键 词：城市能源系统 消费规模 消费结构 消费效率 空间分异 

分 类 号：F206[经济管理—国民经济] F299.27