量子相变和量子临界现象  

QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION AND QUANTUM CRITICAL PHENOMENA

作　　者：金国钧[1] 冯端[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学固体微结构国家重点实验室和物理系,南京210093

出　　处：《物理学进展》2009年第4期325-351,共27页Progress In Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:10424401;10674058;60876065);国家重大基础研究计划(批准号:2006CB921803;2009CB929504)的资助

摘　　要：本文综述凝聚态物理学中的量子相变和量子临界现象,首先考察了相变中存在量子效应的可能性,通过横磁场Ising模型介绍了量子相变的基本特征;接下来对照热临界现象,引入了量子标度和量子重正化的基本概念和操作方式;然后利用量子临界现象的方案,分析了密度驱动、无序驱动和关联驱动的金属-绝缘体相变;继续利用量子临界性的概念探讨如重电子化合物、铜氧化物和巡游铁磁体这类复杂的相互作用多粒子系统;最后选择量子点、碳纳米管和单层石墨为例,介绍了量子临界性在低维和纳米系统研究中的作用。In this paper we review the quantum phase transitions and quantum critical phenomena in condensed-matter physics. Firstly, we consider the possibility of quantum effects in phase transitions, and introduce the basic characteristics in quantum phase transitions via the Ising model;next,in contrast to the thermal critical phenomena, the fundamental concepts and operation method of quantum scaling and renormalization are introduced;afterwards, by the scheme of quantum critical scaling,we analyze the density-driven,disorder-driven and correlation-driven metal-insulator transitions; in the next stage, we investigate complex interacting many-particle systems by quantum criticality; finally, taking quantum dots,carbon nanotubes and graphene as examples,we analyze the role of quantum criticality in the low- dimensional and nano-size systems.

关 键 词：量子相变 量子临界性 标度 重正化 金属-绝缘体相变 关联电子系统 

分 类 号：O482.5[理学—固体物理]