中国14家教学医院院内菌血症与肺炎和腹腔感染病原菌的抗生素耐药监测  被引量:28

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance among pathogens causing nosocomial bloodstream infection, pneumoniae and intra-abdominal infection at 14 teaching hospitals in China

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作  者:杨启文[1] 王辉[1] 徐英春[1] 陈民钧[1] 曹彬[2] 刘文恩[3] 胡志东[4] 范红[5] 廖康[6] 褚云卓[7] 曾吉[8] 刘振英[9] 张嵘[10] 徐修礼[11] 王勇[12] 卓超[13] 苏丹虹[13] 周春妹[14] 刘颖梅[2] 李宪[3] 田彬[4] 陶传敏[5] 陈冬梅[6] 年华[7] 熊艳[8] 宁永忠[9] 李丽红[10] 杨佩红[11] 李平[12] 谢红梅[14] 孙宏莉[1] 谢秀丽[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院检验科,北京100730 [2]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院感染和微生物科 [3]中南大学湘雅医院检验科 [4]天津医科大学总医院检验科 [5]四川大学华西医院实验医学科 [6]广州中山大学附属第一医院 [7]中国医科大学附属第一医院检验科 [8]武汉协和医院检验科 [9]北京大学第三医院检验科 [10]浙江大学医学院附属第二医院检验科 [11]第四军医大学西京医院检验科 [12]山东省立医院检验科 [13]广州医学院第一附属医院呼吸疾病研究所 [14]复旦大学附属中山医院临床微生物室

出  处:《中华检验医学杂志》2009年第12期1367-1375,共9页Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine

摘  要:目的监测2006年10月-2007年10月我国不同地区14家教学医院分离的院内获得病原菌的分布和体外药物敏感性。方法收集来自于院内菌血症、肺炎和腹腔感染患者标本的病原菌。菌株经中心实验室复核后,采用琼脂稀释法测定29种抗菌药物对菌株的MICs,数据输入WHONET5.4软件进行耐药性分析。结果本研究共收集到2660株病原菌。引起菌血症(BSI)的病原菌中分离率位于前3位的分别为大肠埃希菌(30.0%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(12.0%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(11.2%);引起院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的病原菌中分离率位于前3位的分别为铜绿假单胞菌(23.4%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(17.4%)和肺炎克雷伯菌(13.8%);引起腹腔感染(IAI)的病原菌中分离率位于前3位的分别为大肠埃希菌(38.8%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(10.2%)和铜绿假单胞菌(9.2%)。对于大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌,敏感性大于80%的药物包括替加环素(100%)、美罗培南(99.3%-100%)、亚胺培南(98.5%-100%)和哌拉西彬三唑巴坦(83.8%-95.1%),氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性为12.4%-44.9%。对于肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、沙雷菌属,替加环素的敏感性为99.2%-100%,亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感性为96.6%-100%。另外,敏感性较高的抗菌药物还有阿米卡星(82.8%-96.6%)、哌拉西彬三唑巴坦(73.4%-93.1%)、头孢吡肟(69.0%-82.8%)和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(72.6%-75.9%),氟喹诺酮类药物的敏感性为55.2%-82.8%。多重耐药的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的发生率分别为18.7%和54.0%。多黏菌素B对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感性最高(93.5%),其次为阿米卡星和哌拉西林/三唑巴坦(均为75.1%)。多黏菌素B对鲍曼不动杆菌的敏感性最高(96.2%),其次为替加环素(92.1%)、亚胺培南(59.4%)、Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial pathogens from 14 teaching hospitals located in different areas in China from October 2006 to October 2007. Methods According to the study protocol, non-repetitive pathogens from nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumoniae (HAP) and intra-abdominal infection (IAI) were collected and sent to the central laboratory for reidentification and susceptibility testing. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 29 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method. WHONET5.4 software was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 2660 clinical isolates were collected. The top three pathogens of BSI included Escherichia coli (30.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%). The top three causing pathogens of HAP were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(17.4% ),and KlebsieUa pneumoniae (13.8%). The top three causing pathogens of IAI were Escherichia coli (38.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(9.2%) . For Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates, the antimierobial agents with higher than 80% susceptibility rate included tigecycline ( 100% ), mcropenem ( 99. 3% -100% ), imipenem ( 98.5% -100% ), and piperacillin/ tazobactam(83.8%-95.1%). The susceptibility rates of fluoroquinolones were 12.4%-44.9%. For Enterobaeter spp. , Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp. , the susceptibility rates of tigecycline were 99.2%- 100% and the value of imipenem and meropenem were 96.6%-100%. Other antimicrobial agents which showed relatively higher activity included amikacin ( 82.8%-96.6%), piperacillin/tazobactam (73.4% - 93.1%), eefepime (69.0%-82. 8% ) and eefoperazone/sulbaetam (72. 6%-75.9% ). The susceptibility rates of fluoroquinolones against these species were 55.2% -82.8%. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobaeter baumannii was 1

关 键 词:菌血症 肠杆菌科 假单胞菌 铜绿 不动杆菌属 抗药性 细菌 微生物敏感性试验 

分 类 号:R686[医药卫生—骨科学]

 

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