建立草地农业系统,治理民勤荒漠化  

Establish the pastoral agriculture system for desertification control in Minqin

作　　者：侯扶江[1] 常生华[1] 南志标[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业教育部工程研究中心甘肃省西部草业工程技术研究中心农业部草地农业生态系统学重点开放实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第12期68-74,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项"民勤可持续草地农业系统关键技术研究示范"(2007GS00233);公益性行业计划项目(nyhyzx07-022);"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAD16B06)

摘　　要：民勤县是我国乃至全球沙漠化及其防治的"模式标本"。历史上,民勤土地沙漠化与大规模垦荒种植所构建的农业系统呈现一一映射关系,是畜牧文明和农耕文明斗争与融合的产物。民勤现行农业系统主要有3个问题:一是环境恶化,主要表现为地表水奇缺、地下水位迅速下降、补给困难、水质变坏;二是种植结构不合理,主要表现为种植结构单一、作物种植盲目追随市场、经济作物更替频繁;三是科技支撑水平低,节水技术未发挥应有的作用,一些农业高新技术的使用效果适得其反,荒漠区农业与绿洲农业缺少系统耦合,防治沙漠化的农业措施缺乏系统性。民勤县沙漠化防治的出路在于建立草地农业系统,应该遵守农业结构调整的生态原则、生产原则和经济原则,构建适应性的作物—家畜综合农业生产系统。Process and control of desertification in Minqin County is one of principal models in China and even in the world.In history,there is an obvious one to one correspondence between acceleration of land desertification and large scale land reclamation,which mainly results from competition and integration of specialized animal production（grazing） and specialized crop production（planting）.Based on the spot investigations,analysis of literatures and field experiments,three main problems of current agriculture in Minqin County are summarized as follows： 1） deterioration of environment,mainly including the critical shortage of aboveground water with flow break of Shiyang River,dramatic decline of water table and deterioration of ground water quality;2） unreasonable planting structure of crop production,mainly including poor crop biodiversity,indiscriminately profit seeking without limitation of water resource utilization and high risk of desertification and the frequent replacement of cash crops;3） low level of technical support to agro-ecosystem,including no extension of water saving irrigation,undesirable effects of some high techniques,deficient integration of agricultural systems between desert area and oasis area,unsystematic coordination among all kinds of desertification control measures.Consequently,establishment of pastoral agriculture systems could play a key role in control of desertification in Minqin County through adaptively integrating crop production with livestock production in the light of ecological,productive and economic principles of agricultural structure optimization.

关 键 词：民勤 沙漠化 草地农业系统 作物—家畜综合生产系统 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]