有机硫熏蒸剂在设施蔬菜土壤生物污染治理中应用效果评估  

Efficacy evaluation of applying organic sulfide fumigants to plant pathogens-polluted soil in vegetable greenhouse

作　　者：马承铸[1] 李世东[2] 缪作清[2] 郭荣君[2] 杨少军[3] 顾真荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院植物保护研究所,上海201106 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100091 [3]上海市农业科学院园艺研究所,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2009年第4期41-46,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家高技术863计划(2006AA06Z357);北京市科委和国家现代蔬菜产业技术体系建设项目资助

摘　　要：采用室内和田间测试二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)、二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)、异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)、二硫氰基甲烷(MBTC)、四硫代碳酸钠(STTC)、大扫灭(Dazomet,DZM)和钾-威百亩(K-Vapam)等有机硫熏蒸剂对土壤植物病原物控制效果。结果表明:供试药剂对土壤真菌抑杀能力顺序为DZM=MBTC≥DADS=AITC≥STTC=DMDS;对土壤细菌抑杀能力顺序为AITC≥MBTC=DZM=DADS≥DMDS=STTC。供试药剂中仅AITC和DZM对杂草有较强抑杀力,杂草密度比对照降低73.6%和94.7%。供试药剂对植物线虫和自由生活线虫均有较高毒力,AITC对根结线虫二龄幼虫击倒力最强,LC_(95)<0.5μg/mL。播前土壤处理显著降低了菜豆镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)根腐病病情指数和线虫的根结指数,防效顺序为AITC=MBTC=DZM≥DADS=DMDS≥STTC。对几种蔬菜作物的安全性为STTC>MBTC>DADS>AITC>K-Vapam=DZM,甘蓝和白菜对AITC的耐药性高于其他供试作物。土壤穴处理数小时后,移栽3叶期带基质番茄苗试验所有处理的线虫密度、根结指数比对照显著降低,处理与对照立苗无明显差别。2%DADS和2%AITC粉粒剂处理的番茄苗发生了药害,下部叶片落黄且比对照晚发4～5 d。The control efficacies of such organic sulfide fumigants as allyllsothiocyante（AITC）,diallyldisulfide （DADS）, dimethlyldisulfide （DMDS）, methylene-（bis） thiocyanate （ MBTC）, sodium tetra- thiocyanate（STTC）, dazomet（DZM）and K-Vapam on soil plant pathogens were tested under laboratory and greenhouse. The results showed that the order of the inhibiting effects of tested fumigants on soil fungi was DZM = MBTC≥ DADS = AITC≥ STTC = DMDS, and the order of their inhibiting effects on soil bacteria was AITC≥MBTC = DZM = DADS ≥DMDS = STTC. Among the tested fumigants only AITC and DZM demonstrated a strong inhibiting effect on weeds,decreasing by 73.6% 94.7% in weed density. All the tested fumigants had a quite high toxicity to plant nematodes and free- living nematodes. AITC had the greatest toxicity to the 2nd-stadium larvae of root-knot nematodes, with LC90〈0.5 μg/mL. The soil treatment with fumigants before seeding significantly decreased rootrot （Fusarium solani ）of kidney bean and root knot index, and the order of fumigants in the control efficacy was AITC = MBTC = DZM≥ DADS = DMDS≥STTC. The order of fumigants in safety to vegetables was STTC〉MBTC〉DADS〉TITC〉K-Vapam = DZM. Cabbage was more tolerant to AITC than other crops. Compared with CK,treating planting holes with fumigants（except 2% DADS dust and 2% AITC dust）and then transplanting two-leaf-stage seedlings of tomato together with medium on the same day could significantly reduce soil nematode population and root-knot index, and there was not significant difference in seedling establishment between CK and the treatment. The treatment with 2% DADS dust and 2 % AITC dust produced chemical injury for the tomato seedlings.

关 键 词：土壤熏蒸 蔬菜 异硫氰酸烯丙酯 二烯丙基二硫醚 二甲二硫 二硫氰基甲烷 四硫代碳酸钠 

分 类 号：S482.6[农业科学—农药学]