根系化学信号与稻米品质的关系  

Relationship between Root Chemical Signals and Grain Quality of Rice

作　　者：谈桂露[1] 杨建昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第24期171-178,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"根系化学讯号对稻米品质形成的作用及其机理(30671225);"水稻根尖细胞超微结构和根伤流液与分泌物组分及其与产量形成的关系"(30771274)

摘　　要：主要概述了水稻根系化学信号(激素、有机酸、氨基酸、多胺和离子)与稻米品质形成的关系及其调控途径。根系细胞分裂素(玉米素+玉米素核苷)和脱落酸(ABA)对籽粒灌浆、稻米加工品质和蒸煮品质起调控作用。根系1-氨基环丙烷1-羧酸(ACC)浓度与垩白粒率和垩白度呈极显著正相关。根系分泌的有机酸及其组分对稻株重金属(镉、铅)吸收及稻米的食味品质有密切联系。稻米蛋白质组分受根系多胺以及精胺/腐胺浓度比值所调控。根系细胞分裂素通过调节胚乳细胞的发育,调控稻米品质的形成。根系ABA通过调节籽粒蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合成酶和淀粉分枝酶活性,调控籽粒灌浆速率和稻米的蒸煮品质。根系ACC则影响稻米淀粉粒结构,实现对稻米外观品质的调控作用。通过化学调控、水肥管理等技术途径可以调节根系化学信号的产生,进而改善稻米的品质。This paper evaluated the relationship between root chemical signals （hormones, organic acids, amino acids, polyamines and ions） and the grain quality of rice and its regulation techniques, root-sourced cytokinins （zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside） and abscisic acid （ABA） regulated grain filling and milling quality and cooking quality. The concentrations of 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） in roots were very significantly and positively correlated with the percentage of chalky grains and chalkiness. The contents and components of organic acids in root exudates were closely associated with the absorption of heavy metal （cadmium and lead） in plants and the eating quality. Concentrations of polyamines and the ratio of spermine to putrescine in roots played a regulation role in protein components in grains. Root-sourced cytokinins regulated endosperm development and thereby regulated the formation of milling and cooking qualities. Roles of root-derived ABA in grain filling and cooking quality was mainly attributed to the regulation of the hormone to the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism （sucrose synthase, adenine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch-branching enzyme） in the grain. Through affecting the structure of starch granules in the grain, root-sourced ACC regulated appearance quality. Root chemical signals could be regulated therefore rice quality be improved through chemical controls and the management of irrigation and fertilizer application.

关 键 词：水稻 根系 化学信号 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]