三格式化粪池粪便无害化处理的效果  

Evaluation of non-hazardous treatment efficiency of night soil in "three-grille mode" septic tanks

作　　者：金小林[1] 李健[1] 陈晓进[2] 徐祥珍[1] 沈明学[1] 曹汉钧[1] 高琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省寄生虫病防治研究所卫生部寄生虫病预防与控制技术重点实验室江苏省寄生虫分子生物学重点实验室江苏省寄生虫病学重点学科,无锡214064 [2]江苏省爱国卫生运动委员会

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2009年第6期515-518,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江苏省血地寄防应用性科研课题(X200730)

摘　　要：目的评价三格式化粪池对人粪便的无害化处理效果,为农村改厕提供科学依据。方法2009年在江苏省内5个市选取130座三格式化粪池作为评价对象,采集三格式化粪池第1格和第3格样品,检测其中的粪大肠菌群(FC)、寄生虫卵(血吸虫卵、蛔虫卵和钩虫卵)、化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和氨氮(NH3-N),观察各指标的变化情况,用统计软件SPSS 13.0对数据进行统计分析。结果三格式化粪池第1格、第3格粪液FC达标率分别为3.1%和100%,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 1,P<0.01)。分别有1座和4座化粪池第1格检测到钩虫卵和蛔虫卵,密度为1～2个/100 ml。第3格FC、COD、BOD5和NH3-N去除率分别为(99.96±0.03)%,(60.69±21.77)%,(60.13±23.20)%和(44.14±24.61)%。与第1格相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论三格式化粪池对人粪便处理达到了无害化卫生标准要求,可作为农村粪便无害化处理的有效形式进行推广。Objective To evaluate non-hazardous treatment efficiency of night soil in the ＂three-grille mode＂ septic tanks so as to give the evidence to government for policy-making.Methods One hundred and thirty normally running ＂three-grille mode＂ septic tanks were surveyed in five cities of Jiangsu Province in 2009.The fecal samples from first chamber and wastewater samples from third chamber were collected and examined for fecal coliform（FC）,parasite eggs including Schistosoma japonicum eggs,Ascaris eggs and hookworm eggs,chemical oxygen demand（COD）,five-day chemical oxygen demand（BOD5） and ammonia nitrogen（NH3-N） in lab.The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 13.0.Results The mean qualified rates of FC in the first chamber and third chamber of septic tanks were 3.1% and 100% respectively,showing significant difference（P0.001）.Hookworm eggs and Ascaris eggs were found in the first chamber of one and four septic tanks respectively and the density was one or two eggs in one hundred milliliter.The mean removal rates of FC,COD,BOD5 and NH3-N were（99.96±0.03）%,（60.69±21.77）%,（60.13±23.20）% and（44.14±24.61）%,respectively.For the value of FC,COD,BOD5 and NH3-N,there were significant difference between the first chamber and the third chamber（PFC=0.000 1,PCOD =0.000 1,PBOD5=0.000 1,PNH3-N=0.000 1,P0.001）.Conclusion The treatment efficiency of septic tank could meet the sanitary standard for non-hazardous treatment of night soil,and it could use as a useful primary facility for human feces and urine treatment in rural areas.

关 键 词：三格式化粪池 粪便无害化 去除率 

分 类 号：R383[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]