濒危植物南川升麻传粉生物学的研究  

POLLINATION BIOLOGY IN CIMICIFUGA NANCHUANENSIS, AN ENDANGERED SPECIES (RANUNCULACEAE) 

作　　者：奇文清[1,2] 尤瑞麟[1,2] 陈晓麟 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院 [2]重庆教育学院生物系

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1998年第8期688-694,共7页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"八五"重大项目资助

摘　　要：南川升麻（ＣｉｍｉｃｉｆｕｇａｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｉｓｏ）的繁育系统以异交为主，传粉昆虫主要为蝇类，盛花时的访花频率平均每花每天１１次，雄蕊脱落后约０６次；单穗升麻（Ｃ．ｓｉｍｐｌｅｘＷｏｒｍｓｋ）以虫媒为主，风也可以帮助其花粉在近距离传播。单穗升麻的传粉昆虫有蝇类和蜂类，盛花时的访花频率蝇类为１．４次，蜂类为１．２次。南川升麻和单穗升麻都是靠大的花序和气味来吸引传粉昆虫，报酬是退化雄蕊基部分泌的蜜液。自然条件下南川升麻每个柱头上平均有４枚花粉，结籽率平均为６４％，而单穗升麻每个柱头上平均有１７枚花粉，结籽率平均为４５９％。南川升麻有性生殖中传粉的限制是其致濒的重要因素之一。The pollination biology of Cimicifuga nanchuanensis Hsiso, an endangered species and C.simplex Wormsk, a widespread species as a control, has been studied. Protandry occurs in both species, the former goes further than the latter. The breeding system of C.nanchuanensis is dominantly xenogamous. The average visitation rate of flies as the main pollinators is 1.1 and 0.6 per flower per day at anthesis and after stamen shedding respectively. C.simplex is mainly an entomophilous plant. However, wind pollination could occur within a short distance. Moreover, a certain ratio of self pollination exists also in this species. The mean visitation rates of flies and bees, the main pollinators of C.simplex, are 1.4 and 1.2 respectively at anthesis. The pollinating insects of both plant species are attracted by their big inflorescences and the fragrant odor. Nectar, the reward for pollinators, produces in the secretory cells at the base of the spoonform staminode. In natural conditions, an average of 17 pollen grains are found on the surface of a stigma resulting in a mean seed set rate of 45.9% . Pollination limitation (very few pollinators and their low efficiency of pollination) in C.nanchuanensis is one of the weak links in its life cycle and one of the reasons for the endangerment of this species.

关 键 词：南川升麻 传粉生物学 濒危植物 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学]